中学英语单词构词法详解

主要有三种：派生（即通过在词根上加前缀、后缀构成另一个词）、合成（即由两个或两个以上的词合成另一个词）、转化（即由同一个单词通过词类转化成另一种词义）。

1、派生词

-er-or

名词后缀

-ist-ment-ness-tion-able

形容词后缀

-al-ful-ive-less-y

动词后缀副词后缀数词后缀

-fy-ize-ly-ward(s)-teen-ty-th2、转化名词→名词

例词

dancer,runner,writer,workeractor,conductor,director,editor,sailorartist,chemist,scientist,pianistdevelopment,govenment,departmentbusiness,illness,weakness,happinesseducation,congratulation,examinationcomfortable,valuable,enjoyable,suitable

actual,national,medical,naturalcareful,helpful,thankful,wonderful

active,expensive,nativecareless,hopeless,homeless,uselessrainy,cloudy,snowy,windy,healthybeautify,satisfy,terrify,simplifyapologize,organize,realize,recognize

badly,really,easily,angrilyupward,backward,downwardthirteen,fifteen,eighteentwenty,sixty,eighty,fortysixth,seventh,fifteenth,eightieth

例词及汉意

name(名字／命名）hand(手／递）water(水／浇水）smoke(烟／吸烟）rain(雨／下雨）book(书／订票）

light(光线／轻的）right(右边／对的）back(背部／后面的）poor(穷人／穷的）

名词→形容词

Chinese(汉语／中国的）

动词→形容词

clean(打扫／干净的）open(打开／开着的）

complete(完成／完全的）

enough(足够地／足够的）

well(好地／健康的）

副词→形容词3、合成词

n+n

合成名词

n+vv+nadj+n

合成形容词

adj+n+edadj+v+ingn+v+edn+v+ing合成副词合成代词合成动词

wide(广阔的／宽敞的）

例词

bedroom,bookshop,football,friendship

daybreak,sunrisebathroom,postcard,playgroundblackboard,nobleman,loudspeakerkind-hearted,cold-blooded,middle-aged

good-looking,hard-workingman-made,water-coveredEnglish-speaking,peace-lovinganywhere,however,maybe,upstairseveryone,somebody,anything

overthrow,underline