2013.12六级真题及答案（第二套）

2013年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of the information explosion by referring to the saying \"A wealth of

information creates apoverty of attention. \" You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explainwhat you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevantinformation. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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_______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked

about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must readthe four choices marked A．, B．, C． and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single linethrough the centre.1.A． Labor problems.B． Weather conditions.C． An error in the order.D．Misplacing'of goods.

2. A． What the woman says makes a lot of sense.B． The rich are opposed to social welfare.C． He is sympathetic with poor people.D．He agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.3. A． He will be practicing soccer.B． He has work to finish in time.C． He will be attending a meeting.D．He has a tough problem to solve.

4. A． Mary should get rid of her pet as soon as possible.B． Mary will not be able to keep a dog in the building.C． Mary is not happy with the ban on pet animals.D．Mary might as well send her dog to her relative.5. A． The twins' voices are quite different.B． Lisa and Gale are not very much alike.C． He does not believe they are twin sisters.D．The woman seems a bit hard of hearing.6. A． The serious economic crisis in Britain. 、B． A package deal to be signed in November.C． A message from their business associates.D．Their ability to deal with financial problems.7. A． It is impossible to remove the stain completely.B． The man will be charged extra for the service.C． The man has to go to the main cleaning facility.D．Cleaning the pants will take longer than usual.8. A． European markets.B． A protest rally.C． Luxury goods.

D．Imported products.Conversation One

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A． He made a business trip.B． He had a quarrel with Marsha.C． He talked to her on the phone.

D．He resolved a budget problem.

10. A． She may have to be fired for poor performance.B． She has developed some serious mental problem.C． She is in charge of the firm's budget planning.D．She supervises a number of important projects.11. A． She failed to arrive at the airport on time.B． David promised to go on the trip in her place,

C． Something unexpected happened at her home. D．She was not feeling herself on that day.12. A． He frequently gets things mixed up.B． He is always finding fault with Marsha.C． He Ires been trying hard to cover for Marsha.D．He often fails to follow through on his projects.Conversation Two

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A． They are better sheltered from all the outside temptations.B． They are usually more motivated to compete with their peers.C． They have more opportunities to develop their leadership skills.D．They take an active part in more extracurricular activities.14. A． Its chief positions are held by women.B． Its teaching staff consists of women only.C． Its students aim at managerial posts.D．Its students are role models of women.15. A． It is under adequate control.B． It is traditional but coloufful.

C． They are more or less isolated from the outside world.D．They have ample opportunities to meet the opposite sex.Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A．, B．, C． andD ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I witha single line through thecentre. Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A． By invading the personal space of listeners.B． By making gestures at strategic points.C． By speaking in a deep, loud voice.D．By speaking with the local accent.

17. A． To promote sportsmanship among business owners.B． To encourage people to support local sports groups.C． To raise money for a forthcoming local sports event.D．To show his family's contribution to the community.18. A． They are known to be the style of the sports world.B． They would certainly appeal to his audience.

C． They represent the latest fashion in the business circles.D．They are believed to communicate power and influence.19. A． To cover up his own nervousness.

B． To create a warm personal atmosphere.C． To enhance the effect of background music.D．To allow the audience to better enjoy his slides.Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A． She was the first educated slave of John Wheatley's.B． She was the greatest female poet in Colonial America.C． She was born about the time of the War of Independence.D．She was the first African-American slave to publish a book.21. A． Revise it a number of times.B． Obtain consent from her owner.C． Go through a scholarly examination.D．Turn to the colonial governor for help.

22. A． Literary works calling for the abolition of slavery.B． Religious scripts popular among slaves in America.C． A rich stock of manuscripts left by historical figures.D．Lots of lost works written by African-American women.Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A． It is a trait of generous characterB． It is a reflection of self-esteem. .C． It is an indicator of high intelligence.D．It is a sign of happiness and confidence.24. A． Itwas self-defeating.B． It was aggressive.

C． It was the essence of comedy.D．It was something admirable.25. A． It is a double-edged sword.B． It is a feature of a given culture.C． It is a unique gift of human beings.D．It is a result of both nature and nurture.Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When thepassage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the thirdtime, you should check what you havewritten.

It is important that we be mindful of the earth, the planet out of which we are born and by which weare nourished, guided, healed—the planet, however, which wehave 26________ to a considerable degree inthese past two centuries of 27________ exploitation. This exploitation has reached such 28________that presentlyitappears that some hundreds of thousands of species will be 29________ before the end of the century.

In our times, human shrewdness has mastered the deep 30________ of the earth at a level far beyond thecapacities of earlier peoples. We can break themountains apart; we can drain the rivers and flood thevalleys. We can turn the most luxuriant forests into throwaway paper products. We can 31________thegreatgrass cover of the western plains and pour 32________chemicals into the soil until the soft is dead and blowsaway in the wind. We can pollute the air withacids, the rivers with sewage (污⽔), the seas with oil. Wecan invent computers 33________processing ten million calculations per second. And why? To increasethevolume and the speed with which we move natural resources through the consumer economy to the junkpile or the waste heap. Our managerial skills aremeasured by the competence 34________in accelerating thisprocess. If in these activities the physical features of the planet are damaged, if the environment ismadeinhospitable for 35________living species, then so be it. We are, supposedly, creating a technological wonderworld.PartIII Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A

Direction：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce~Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speakonly English, and not their native language, at home.Although these educators may have good 36________,their advice to families is misguided, and it 37________from misunderstandings about the process oflanguageacquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become 38________ confused and thustheir language development will be39________; this concern is not documented in the literature. Children arecapable of learning more than one language, whether 40________or sequentially (依次地). In fact, most

children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases,multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewedas an

41________ and even a necessity inmany areas. It is also of concern that the .misguided advice that students should speak onlyEnglish is givenprimarily to poor families with limited educational opportunities,not to wealthier families who have manyeducational advantages. Since children frompoor families often are 42________as at-risk for academic failure,teachers believethat advising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider

learning twolanguages to be too 43________for children from poor families, believing that the children are alreadyburdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how

can they communicatein English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only

English is 44________to telling them not tocommunicate with or interact with their children. Moreover, the 45________message is that the family's nativelanguageis not important or valued.A． asset I．permanentlyB． delayed J． prevalentC． deviates K．simultaneouslyD．equivalent L． stemsE．identified M． successivelyF． intentions N． underlyingG．object O．visualizingH． overwhelmingSection B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The Uses of Difficulty

The brain likes a challenge—and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boostits creativity.

[A] Jack White, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figureamong fellowmusicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheap

guitars that won't stay in shape orin tune. When performing, he positions his instruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, sothat switching from guitarto organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Becausehe's on the run

from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist: \"ease of use\". Whenmaking music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harder to make it sing.[ B] It's an odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it alreadyis? Yet weknow that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soon after theBeatles had finished workon \"Rubber Soul\of going to America to record theirnext album. The equipment in American studios wasmore advanced than anything in Britain, whichhad led the Beatles' great rivals, theRolling Stones, to make their latest album, \"Aftermath\found that EMI's (百代唱⽚) contractual clauses made it prohibitively expensivetofollow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitive technology of Abbey Road.

[C] Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning therecording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Preciselybecause they were working with oldofashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce oftheir creativity to solve the

problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like\"Tomorrow Never Knows\featuredrevolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin's American counterparts.

[D] Sometimes it's only when a difficulty is removed that we realise what it was doing for us. For morethan two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughessat on the judging panel of an annualpoetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number oflong poems among thesubmissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were verballyinventive and fluent, but also \"strangely boring\". After making inquiries Hughesdiscovered that theywere being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.

[E] You might have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the page would be anadvantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. Ifi aninterview with the Paris Review Hughesspeculated that when a person puts pen to paper, \"you meet the terrible resistance of what happenedyour first year at it,when you couldn't write at all\". As the brain attempts to force the unsteady handto do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed,psychologically denserexpression. Remove that resistance and you are more likely to produce a 70-page ramble (不找边际的长篇⼤论).

[F] Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers and pupils alike oftenassume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then thelesson has been successful. But numerousstudies have now found that when classroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over the longterm, and understand it on a deeper level.

[G] As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression,like the disciplines of metre and rhyme (韵律), spur creativethought. What applies to poets andmusicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate (等同)happiness with freedom, but, asthe psychotherapist and writerAdam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it'sharder to know what we want, or where we're heading. He tells the story of a patient, a first-timemother who complained that her young son was always clinging to her, wrapping himself around herlegs wherever she went. She never had a moment toherself, she said, because her son was \"alwaysin the way\". When Phillips asked her where she would go if he wasn't in the way, she repliedcheerfully, \"Oh, Iwouldn't know where I was!\"

[H] Take another common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money will makethem happier. But economists who study the relationshipbetween money and happiness haveconsistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate. Despite the easewith which the rich canacquire almost anything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy asthe middle classes. In this regard at least,F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.

[I] Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has anarrator remark ofthe very rich that, \"not having to consider affordability, theirdesires rambled on like unstoppablebores, relentless (持续不断的) and whimsical (反复⽆常的) at the same time. \" When BostonCollege, a private research university, wanted

a better feel for its potential donors, it asked thepsychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of the super-rich. He surveyed 165 households,most of whichhad a net worth of $ 25m or more. He found that many of his subjects were confusedbythe infinite options their money presented them with. They found it hard to know whatto want,creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this: \"Youknow, Bob, you can justbuy so much stuff, and when you get to the point where you canjust buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?\"

[J] The Internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects

of our onlineexperiences are catching on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twitter's huge success isrooted in the simple but profound insight thatin a medium'with infinite space for serf-expression, themost interesting thing we cando is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service This Is MyJam helps peoplenavigate the tens of millions of tracks now available instantly via Spotify andiTunes.

Users pick their favourite song of the week to share with others. They only get to chooseone. The service was only launched this year,,but by the end of September650,000

jams had beenchosen. Its cofounder Matt Ogle explains its raison d'etre (存在的理由) like this: \"In an age ofendless choice, we were missing a way to say: This. Thisis the one you should listen to'. \"

[K] Today's world offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the WalkerBrothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, ourlives are less tightly bound bysocial norms and physics! Constraints. Technology hascut out much of life's donkeywork, and wehave more freedoms than ever: we can wear

what we like and communicate with hundreds of friendsat once at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of us wish to turn theclockback, but

perhaps we need to remind ourselves how useful the right obstacles can be.Sometimes,the best route to fulfilment is the path of more resistance.

46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet's creativity.47. With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular soundeffects.

48. More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.49. It is a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.

50. Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.51.Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.

52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed on computers.53. Maybe we need to bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinitechoices their money made available.

55. One free social networking website ttwned out to be successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A , B, C andD ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

There was a time not long ago when new science Ph. D. s in the United States were expected topursue a career path in academ/a (学术界).But today, most

graduates end up working outsideacademia, not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy, communications, and patentlaw. partly this is a resultof how bleak the academic job market is, but there's also a rising awareness ofcareer options that Ph.D. scientists haven't trained for directly—but for which theyhave usefulknowledge, skills, and experience. Still, there's a huge disconnect between the way we currently trainscientists and the actual employment

opportunities available for them, and an urgent need for dramaticimprovements in training programs to help close the gap, One critical step that could help to drivechangewould be to require Ph.D. students and postdoctoral scientists to follow an individual development plan(IDP).

In 2002, the U. S. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology recommended that everypostdoctoral researcher put together an IDP in consultationwith an adviser. Since then, several academicinstitutions have begun to require IDPs for postdocs. And in June, the U. S. National Institutes of Health(NIH)

Biomedical Research Workforce Working Group recommended that the NIH require IDPs for theapproximately 32,000 postdoctoral researchers they support. Otherfunding agencies, public and private,are moving in a similar direction.

IDPs have long been used by government agencies and the private sector to achieve specific goals forthe employee and the organization. The aim is to ensurethat employees have an explicit tool to help themunderstand their own abilities and aspirations, determine career possibilities , and set ( usually short-term)goals.In science, graduate students and new Ph.D. scientists can use an IDP to identify and navigate aneffective career path.

A free Web application for this purpose, called myIDP, has become available this week. It's designed to guide early-career scientists through a

confidential,,rigorous process of introspection (内省) to create acustomized career plan. Guided by expert knowledge from a panel of science-focused career

advisers,each trainee's self-assessment is used to rank a set of career trajectories (轨迹). After the user hasidentified a long-term career goal, myIDP walks her orhim through the process of setting short-term goalsdirected toward accumulating new skills and experiences important for that career choice.

Although surveys reveal the IDP process to be useful, trainees report a need for additional resourcesto help them identify a long-term career path and complete anIDP.

Thus, myIDP will be most effective.when it's embedded in larger career-development efforts. For example, universities could incorporate IDPsinto their graduatecurricula to help students discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-termcareer goals.56. What do we learn about new science Ph.D. s in the United States today?A． They lack the skills and expertise needed for their jobs.B． They can choose from a wider range of well-paying jobs.C． They often have to seek jobs outside the academic circle.D．They are regarded as the nation's driving force of change.57. What does the author say about America's Ph, D. training?A． It should be improved to better suit the job market.B． It is closely linked to future career requirements.C． It should be re-oriented to careers outside academia.D．It includes a great variety of practical courses.

58. What was recommended for Ph. D. s and postdoctoral researchers?A． They meet the urgent needs of the corporate world.B． A long-term career goal be set as early as possibleC． An IDP be made in consultation with an adviser.D．They acquire an explicit tool to help obtain jobs.

59. Government agencies and the private sector often use IDPs to________

A． bring into full play the skills and expertise of their postdoctoral researchers B． help employees make the best use of their abilities to achieve their careergoals C． place employees in the most appropriate positions

D．hire the most suitable candidates to work for them60. What do we know about myIDP?

A． It is an effective tool of self-assessment and introspection for better career plans.B． It enables people to look into various possibilities and choose the career they love.C． It promises a long-term career path.D．It is part of the graduate curricula.Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Just over a decade into the 21st century, women's progress can be celebrated across a range of fields.They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to

Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds thetop spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-madebillionaires inBeijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana—in these andcountless other areas, women are leaving their mark.

But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women aren't allowed to drive. In Pakistan,1,000 womendie in honor killings every year. In the developed world, womenlag behind men in pay and politicalpower. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to I4.5% last year.To measure the state ofwomen's progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking

at five areas thataffect women's lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access toeducation and health care. Analyzing datafrom the United Nations and the World EconomicForum,among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up withourmakings.

Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender :discrimination isagain.st the law, and equal rightsare constitutionally enshrined(神圣化). But there were some surprises.Some otherwise high-'ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canadaranked third overallbut 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest thata woman in a nation's top office translates to better lives for women ingeneral? Not exactly. \"Trying toquantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there beenenough women inpolitics to make a difference,\" says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser forU.N. Women.

Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another inthe way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying onbroad strokes and generalities. Somethings simply can't be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can't account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusionsare nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profoundstatement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperationsummit. \"When weliberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations,and the world,\" she said. \"There's astimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access tojobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts.Morefood. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, weboost opportunity for all people. \"61. What does the author think about women's progress so far?A． It still leaves much to be desired.C． It has greatly changed women's fate.B． It is too remarkable to be measured.D．It is achieved through hard struggle.

62. In what countries have women made the greatest progress?A． Where women hold key posts in government.B． Where women's rights are protected by law.

C． Where women's participation in management is high.D．Where women enjoy better education and health care.63. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?A． They care little about political participation.

B． They are generally treated as equals by men.C． They have a surprisingly low social status.D．They are underrepresented in politics.. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nation's top office? A． It does not necessarily raise women's political awareness.B． It does not guarantee a better life for the nation's women.C． It. enhances women's status.D．It boosts women's confidence.

65. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place? A． Give women more political power.B． Stimulate women's creativity.C． Allow women access to education.D．Tap women's economic potential.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国⼈⾃古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗⼗分相似。过中秋节的习俗⼆f唐代早期在中国各地开始流⾏。中秋节在农历⼋⽉⼗五，是

⼈们拜⽉的节⽇。这天夜晚皓⽉当空，⼈们合家团聚，共赏明⽉。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的⽂化遗产，2008年⼜被定为公共假⽇。⽉饼被视为中秋节不町或缺的美⾷。⼈们将⽉饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享甩。传统的⽉饼上带有“寿(longevity)”、“福”或“和”等字样。2013年l2⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第2套)Part l Writing范⽂点评

Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A

1. W: Has my order arrived yet? I have been expecting it last week.

M: I called the company this morning. They had some labor problems, so you orderwill be shipped late. Itshould be here by the end of the week.Q: What has caused the delay of the shipment? A)。

2. W: I don't agree with Mr. Johnson's views on social welfare. He seems to suggestthe poor are robbing the rich.M: He might use better words to express his idea, butI think what he said makes a lot of sense.Q: What does the man mean? D)。

3. M: Liz, I just found out I have a meeting and I can't pick up the kids after the

soccer practice. Would you be able to pick them up in time? W: Yes, that won't be a problem. I think I can finish early today.Q: Why does the man say he can't pick up the kids? C)。4. W: Mary is going to get a little dog from one of her relatives.

M: Really? But I hear her apartment building is about to place a ban on pet animals.Q: What does the man imply? B)。

5. W: I can never tell whether it's Lisa or Gale on the phone. Their voices sound incredibly similar.

M: That's about the Only thing they have in common for twins, believe it or not. Q: What does the man mean? B)。6. W: Jay, what does the fax from our associates in Britain say?

M: They want to know if the economic crisis would affect our ability to carry out thedeal we signed last November.

Q: What are the speakers talking about? C) 。

7. W: Do you think you'll be able to get this ink stain out of my pants? M: It won't be a problem, but I need to send them over to our main cleaning facility.That's an extra day's time.

Q: What does the woman mean? D) 。

8. W: That looks like a protest rally. I wonder what they are protesting against.M: That sign says they are against importing luxury goods from Europe. They seemedto be getting so worked up about that.Q: What are the speakers talking about? B)。Conversation One

W: What is it, Bob? (9) You sounded pretty serious on the phone. Have we still gota budget problem?

M: I don't know. I hope not. The meeting's on Friday. But that's not what I want totalk to you about. Er, close the door, will you? It's Marsha.W: Marsha? What abouther?

M: I'm worried. I don't know what to do. (10) She's just not performing. We may haveto let her go.

W: Fire her? She's been with us a long time, Bob. If she leaves, it'll be a big lossto us. She's done really excellent work.

M: Yes. But lately, the last month or so in fact, there have been a lot of problems.

She's changed. Not only doesshe have a tendency to be moody all the time, but she misses appointments, doesn't follow through on projects,and doesn't seem toplan anythingtill the last minute.,

W: Um, did she ever explain why she didn't show up for the Denver trip?

M: No. She said she was sorry and that it-wouldn't happen again. ( 11 ) Something about a mix-up on arrangementsto get to the airport. Now, whenever anybodymentions the subject to her, she just goes silent. I don't know.Thank goodness. David pulled us out of the hole on that one.

W: Yes, he did a really fine job, filling in for Marsha like that at the last minute. M: (12) I don't think it was the first time he's had to do that. If we knew all the facts, Ithink we'd find that he's been covering for Marsha on quite a few projects.9. What did the man do before he came to see the woman? C)。10. What does the man say about Marsha? A) o

11. How did Marsha explain why she didn't show up for the Denver trip? A)。12. What does the man say about David? C) 。Conversation Two

M: You also head the mistresses of Oxford High School for girls. How many girls do you have here?W: We have 650 girls.M: In your experience, do girls do better academically and later professionally in single-sex schools?

W: Yes. I think they do better academically and you can measure that very crudely from the examination results.(13) I also think they do better academicallybecause they have more opportunities to take the leading role indiscussions and in managerial responsibilities. (14) I think they see the role models of the chiefpositions in theschool being held by women.

M: I wonder if you could say then in a few words what the advantages are for a girl at a sing-sex School.

W: Well, I think within the classroom, she's going to have full opportunities to express her own opinions. She isn't going to be shouted down by over-confidentyoung gentlemen. M: Are teenagers in particular, do you think, sheltered too much from contact with the opposite sex? Does this cause them difficulties when theyfred themselves in mixed groups?

W: Well, I would like to find the parents who could shelter girls from the opposite sex if they live in Oxford. (15)They encounter boys all the time socially out ofschool, and through debating societies and things like that,some school activities as well. M: So, no disadvantages at all?

W: I don't think there are any disadvantages. I think that it's grossly overstated that one needs to have contact withthe opposite sex right through the whole of life, inthe classroom and outside the classroom and at all ages.

13. What does the woman say about the girls in her school? C) 。14. What do we learn about the woman's school? A)。15. What does the woman say about the girls' social life? D)。Section BPassage One

Larry arrived early for his spealdng engagement. He positioned the table so that he could move close to theaudience--that's strategic points in the sPeech. ( 16)Hehad read that speakers can be more persuasive if they invadethe personal space of

listeners, encouraging an emotional response. For the same reason, he placed the chairs closeto each other and raised the temperature to a slightly uncomfortablelevel. (17) The purpose of the speech was toencourage the audience of corporate executives and local business owners to support local sports groups. Toenhancehis credibility with the audience, Larry had brought some slides\" of his family attending sports events. One photoshowed him at an award ceremony,where he had been honored for his f'mancial contribution to a local baseball team.Realizing that this particular audience would find his regional accent

unattractive, Larry planned to speak with anaccent that would be more acceptable to his audience. (18) After reading a book on how to address for success, hehadpurchased an expensive dark navy suit and a golden tie. He chose colors and styles known to communicate powerand influence. (19)Just before people beganentering the hall, Larry dimmed the fights and turned up the soundsystem， which was playing soft music, hoping to create a warm personal atmosphere for thespeech. He hoped thatthese added effects would encourage his audience to support local sports teams. He had also planned the content ofhis speech to focus onthe teams with the best records, the ones that hadwon the most games in the last season.16. How can a speaker make himself more persuasive when delivering a speech? A)。17. For what purpose was Larry going to make a speech? B)。

18. Why Larry purchased an expensive navy suit and a golden tie? D)。

19. Why did Larry dim the lights and turned up the sound system before people entering the hall? B)。Passage Two

Phillies Wheatley was a young African-American slave who belonged to landowner John Wheatley in ColonialAmerica. (20)She was also a poet and the firstAfrican-American ever to publish a book. Her poems on varioussubjects, religious and moral, were printed in Boston in 1773, three years before the signing of theDeclaration ofIndependence. Early slaves were, generally denied education, but Wheatley was allowed by her owner to studypoetry, Latin and the Bible. And bythe time she reached her late teens, she had written enough poetry to puttogether a slender book of verse. Even so, publication was difficult. (21) The publisher,fearful of being cheated,forced her to submit to his scholarly examination by a board of educated men, including the colonial governor. Theboard of judges

questioned Wheatley extensively and ruled that she was educated enough to have written the book.Only then was publication permitted. Wheatley may have beenthe first, hut she was not the only slave to writebooks during the growing days of the Republic. Unfortunately, most of the early popular African-Americanwritershave been all but forgotten in modern times until now.

A chronicle professor, Henry Louis Gates, recently studied aresearch project looking into 19th century African-American fiction and poetry. ( 22 ) In the process heuncoverednumerous lost works, almost half of which were written by African-American women. In very literary styles, thenewly resurfaced manuscripts offered arich stock of African-American culture, recreating among other things theearly days of slavery and the importance of religion to the slaves.20. What does the speaker about Phillies Wheatley? D) 。

21. What was Phillies Wheatley forced to do to get her book published? C)。

22. What did Prof. Henry Louis Gates uncover in the process of his research? D)。 Passage Three

In today's personality stakes, nothing is more highly valued than the sense of humor. We seek it out in othersand are proud to claim it in ourselves, perhaps evenmore than good looks and intelligence. (23)If someone has agreat sense of humor, we reason it means that they are happy, socially confident and have a healthyperspective onlife. (24)This attitude would have surprised the ancient Greeks, who believed humor to be essentially aggressive.And in fact our admiration for thecomically gifted is relatively new and not.very well-founded, says Rod Martin, apsychologist at the University of Western Ontario.

\"Being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well-being,\" his research has shown, \"itmay just exactly be a sign of personality flaws. \" (25) Hehas found that humor is a double-edged sword. It can forgebetter relationships and help you cope with life, or it can be corrosive, eating away your sell-esteem andirritatingothers. \"It's a form of communication like speech, and we all use it differently. \" says Martin. We use bondinghumor to enhance our social connections, butwe also may employ it as a way of excluding or rejecting an outsider.Though humor is essentially social, how you use it says a lot about your sense of self. Thosewho use self-defeating humor, making fun of themselves of the enjoyment of others, tend to maintain that hostility towardsthemselves even when alone. Similarly,those who are able to view the world with amused tolerance are oftenequally forgiving of their own shortcomings.23. How do people today view humor according to the speaker? D)。24. What did ancient Greeks think of humor? B)。

25. What has psychologist Rod Martin found about humor? A)。Section C

26. abused 27.industrial 28. extremes 29. extinguished 30. mysteries31. tear apart 32. toxic 33. capable of 34. manifested 35.a multitude of

Part m Reading ComprehensionSection A选项归类

试题详解

36．F)intentions。详解：该空格位于动词have之后，并且由形容词good修饰，据此推断所填词应为名词。⽂章开篇第⼀句讲述了教育⼯作者们关于语⾔学习的建议，⽽本句开头为Although，可知空格所在部分与句⼦后半部分应为转折关系，后半句说这种建议是误导性的，由此可以判断空格所在位置表明这些教育⼯作者们的出发点还是好的，故答案为F)intentions“意图，⽬的”。备选项中还有asset和object两个名词，但与上下⽂语义不符，故排除。

37．L)stems。详解：此空格位于代词it和介词from之间，据此判断应填⼊动词第三⼈称单数形式，且能够与from搭配使⽤，构成谓语。根据句意，it指代的是上⽂⼱的误导性建议，本句后半部分提到了“对于语⾔习得过程的错误理解”，由此可推断，误导性的建议源于错误的理解，故答案为L)stems“起源于”。在备选项中，还有⼀个动词第三⼈称单数deviates“脱离，使出轨”．虽然该词也能与介词from搭配使⽤，但其意思与上下⽂意思不符，故排除。38．I)permanently。详解：此空格位于谓语become和形容词confused之间，可以判定该词修饰形容词confused，必须填⼈剐词。空格前提到了“同时听到两种语⾔”，⽽下⽂中提到“延迟他们的语⾔发展”，由此可知，教育者们是担⼼同时学习两种语⾔会对孩⼦们产⽣不好的影响，会造成永久性的语⾔混淆，故答案为I)permanently“永远地，永久地”。备选项中，另外两个副词simultaneously和successively与上下⽂语义不符，故排除。

39．B)delayed。详解：此空格位于will be之后，由此推断应填⼊动词的过去分词形式，构成将来时的被动语态。空格所在句中前半部分提到了对两种语⾔的confused．⽽这会对语⾔学习造成不利的影响，备选项中含负⾯意思的词只有B)delayed“延迟，推迟”，故为答案。备选项中仅有两个动词过去分词选

项，identified“识别，辨别”与上下⽂语义不符，故排除。40．K)simultaneously。详解：由该空格后出现的or可推知，空格处应填⼊副词，与sequentially相呼应。本句前半部分提到了“孩⼦们有能⼒学习⼀种以上的语⾔”，⽽空格后的“依次地”⼀词点明空格中的单词也是对孩⼦们学习语⾔顺序的⼀种描述，与“依次地”⼀词相对的意思为K)simultaneously“同时地”，故为答案。备选项中，successively“接连着，继续地”也可以表⽰动作⾏为的顺序，但该词与sequentially意思相似，不能形成选择关系，故排除。

41．A)asset。详解：由该空格前的不定冠词all可以判断，此处应填⼊名词单数形式，且该名词必须以元⾳发⾳开头。根据句意可知，能够掌握多种语⾔应该是⼈们所具备的优势，故答案为A)asset“资产，有⽤的东西”。备选项中还有⼀个元⾳开头的单数名词object，但该词意思与上下⽂不符。故排除。

42．E)identified。详解：该空格位于系动词are 之后，且空格后出现了as引出的补语，因此推断应填⼊动词过去分词形式，构成被动语态。空格前提到了“贫困家庭的孩⼦”，空格后说“学业上容易失败的⼈”，可知该旬意思为“由于⼈们认定来⾃贫困家庭的孩⼦学业失败的⼏率往往较⾼”，故答案为E)identified“认定，辨别”。备选项中还有⼀个动词过去分词delayed，但该词意思与上下⽂语义不符，故排除。

43．H)overwhelming。详解：该空格位于副词too之后．且too前还有⼀个系动词be，推断空格处应填⼊形容词，被too修饰。空格前⼀句中说教师们认为“建议这些家庭仅说英语是适当的”，这些⽼师这样做的原因是“受家庭条件影响，贫困家庭的孩⼦压⼒已经很⼤了”，由此可判断空格处所表⽰的意思是：这些孩⼦对于同时学习两种语⾔是“⽆法承受的”，故答案为H)overwhelming“压倒性的”。备选项中，equivalent，prevalent和underlying意思与上下⽂语义不符，故均排除。

44．D)equivalent。详解：该空格位于系动词is和介词to之间，由此推断应填⼊形容词，构成be…to的短语。该段第⼀句说这些孩⼦家中其他成员的母语都不是英语，他们的英语⽔平很低，在这种情况下，再要求孩⼦在家中仅说英语，⽆异于阻断了孩⼦与家庭成员问的沟通，故答案为D)equivalent“相等的，相当的”。所剩备选项中，prevalent，underlyin9均不能与介词to搭配使⽤，且意思与上下⽂不符，故排除。

45．N)underlying。详解：该空格位于定冠词the和名词message之间，因此推断应填⼊形容词，修饰名词 message。要求母语为⾮英语的孩⼦在家庭中只说英语，会让⼈感觉“这些家庭的母语并不重要，没有价值”，这⼀信息并没有⼈明确地说出来，但它却是的确存在的，故答案为N)underlyin9“潜在的，根本的”。所剩备选项中，‘prevalent意思与上下⽂不符。故排除。Section B试题详解

46．The rigorous requirements placed Oil the writing ofpoetry stimulate the poet’S creativity．

译⽂：创作诗歌的严格要求可刺激诗⼈的创造⼒。定位：由题⼲关键词poetry和poet's creativity定位到原⽂划线处。

G)。详解：G)段第⼀句提到，作为诗⼈，特德·休斯对表达⽅式的禁忌及其敏感性，如韵律的规则，可促进其创造性思维。题⼲中的stimulate对应原⽂中的spur；creativity对应原⽂中的creativethought，故答案为G)。

47．With creativity．even old-fashioned instrumentsmay produce spectacular sound effects．译⽂：即便是⽼式的乐器在创造⼒的驱使下也会产⽣惊⼈的声⾳效果。定位：由题⼲关键词old-fashioned和soundeffects定位到原⽂划线处。

C)。详解 C)段提到，正是因为他们使⽤了⽼式机器⼯作。乔治·马丁和其团队的⼯程师才被迫发挥其每⼀分创造⼒，创作了像《明天从未知道》、《永远的草莓地》和《在⽣命中的⼀天》这些歌曲，它们都极具⾰命性的声⾳效果。题⼲中的spectacular对应原⽂中的revolutionary，故答案为C)。48．More money does not necessarily bring greaterhappiness．译⽂：更多的钱并不⼀定能带来更⼤的幸福。

定位：由题⼲关键词money和happiness定位到原⽂划线处。

H)。详解：H)段第⼆、三句提到，⼈们常以为更多的钱会让他们更快乐。但经济学家研究发现，⾦钱与幸福之间的关系并⾮总是成正⽐。超过⼀定收⼊之后，这两者间的关联并不紧密。由此可知，更多的钱并不⼀定能带来更⼤的幸福。题⼲是对定位句的概述，故答案为H)。49．It is a false asslunption that lessons should bemadeeasier to learn．译⽂：课程应设置得更加容易学习，这是个错误的假设。定位：由题⼲关键词lessons和easier定位到原⽂划线处。

F)。详解：F)段提到，在学校，⽼师和学⽣都经常假设如果某个概念简单易学，那么这门课程就是成功的。但⽆数的研究发现，课堂材料设置得更难于理解消化时，学⽣会长期记住其⼤部分内容，并能够理解得更透彻。由此可知，课程设置得简单并不利于学⽣学习。题于是对定位句的概述，故答案为F)。

50．Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation ofmusic contribute to its Success．译⽂：在⾳乐创作中故意设置各种障碍有助于创作的成功。定位：由题⼲关键词deliberately和creation ofmusic定位到原⽂划线处。

A)。详解：A)段提到，表演时，杰克·怀特故意把乐器的位置放在不⽅便拿取的地⽅，因此当他从吉

他演奏换成风琴演奏时就得在舞台上狂奔。为什么呢?因为他要避免他所描述的每个艺术家都会沾染上的⼀种疾病——“易⽤性”。怀特说，⾳乐制作得太容易时，就会更难于演唱。由此可知，在⾳乐创作中故意设置各种障碍有助于成功。题⼲是对定位段的概述，故答案为A)。51．Those who enjoy total freedom may not findthemselves happy．

译⽂：那些享受完全⾃由的⼈可能会不开⼼。定位：题⼲关键词freedom和happy定位到原⽂划线处。

G)。详解：G)段提到，我们往往把幸福等同于⾃由。但是，正如⼼理治疗师及作家⽫当·菲利普斯所观察到的那样，如果我们的愿望不会遇到任何障碍就能实现，我们就很难知道我们想要什么，或者很难找到我们的⽅向在哪⾥。由此可知，那些享受完全⾃由的⼈可能并不开⼼。题⼲中的total freedom对应原⽂中的withoutobstacles to our desires，故答案为G)。52．Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submittedfor poetry competition were composed oncomputers．译⽂：特德·休斯发现诗歌⽐赛中提交的很多长诗都是在计算机上创作的。定位：由题⼲关键词Ted Hughes和long poems定位到原⽂划线处。

D)。E详解D)段提到，诗⼈特德·休斯⼀直是英国⼩学⽣年度诗歌⽐赛的评审团成员。在20世纪80年代，他注意到，在提交的作品中长诗出现得越来越多，经过多⽅打听，休斯发现这些作品都是在计算机上创作的。题⼲是对定位句的概述，故答案为D)。

53．Maybe we need to bear in mind that the rightobstacles help lead US to greater achievements．译⽂：也许我们需要牢记，适当的障碍有助于引导我们取得更⼤的成就。定位：由题⼲关键词the right obstacles定位到原⽂划线处。

K)。详解：K)段提到，我们需要提醒⾃⼰的是，适当的障碍⽤处很⼤。有时候，取得成功的最佳途径是那条充满了更⼤阻⼒的道路。由此可知，适当的障碍有助于引导我们取得更⼤的成就。题⼲中的bearin mind对应原⽂中的remind ourselves；greaterachievelllents对应原⽂中的fiJlffilment，故答案为K)。．An investigation found that many of the super-richwere baffled by the infinite choices their moneymade available．译⽂：⼀项调查发现，许多超级富豪对⾦钱带给他们的⽆限选择表⽰⾮常困扰。定位：由题⼲关键词investigation和super-rich定位到原⽂划线处。

I)。详解：I)段提到，罗伯特·肯尼曾调查过超级富豪们的⼼态，他发现其中许多受试者对⾦钱带给他们的⽆限选择表⽰很困扰。题⼲中的baffled对应原⽂中的confused；their money made available对应原⽂中的their money presented them with，故答：案为I)。55．One free social networking website tin'ned out tobesuccessful because it limited each posting to onehundred and forty characters．译⽂：⼀个免费的社交⽹站⼤获成功，其原因是它每个帖⼦只能⽤l40个以内的字符。定位：由题⼲关键词one hundred and forty characters定位到原⽂划线处。

J)。详解：J)段提到，的巨⼤成功源于简单⽽深刻的见解：在拥有⽆限空间的媒介中，最有趣的事莫过于只能⽤140个以内的字符去表达⾃我。题⼲中的freesocial networking website对应原⽂中的Twitter；limited each posting to对应原⽂中的restrict ourselves to，故答案为J)。Section CPassage One全⽂翻译

试题详解

56．C)。定位：由题⼲中的new science Ph．D．S in the United States today定位到⽂章⾸段前两句。

详解：事实细节题。⽂章开篇两句指出，不久之前，美国新毕业的理科博⼠⽣依据惯例还都会进⼊学术界⼯作。但是今天，⼤多数毕业⽣都选择毕业后离开学术界，其选择的⼯作不仅有⼯业领域的，还有科学、通讯以及专利权法等领域的，故答案为C)。

点晴A)“他们缺少岗位所需的技能和技术”与原⽂相悖，原⽂第三句表明，这些博⼠⽣具有相应的技能，只是在博⼠学习阶段没有受到过职业规划的训练，可以排除；B)“他们可以选择很多领域的⾼薪⼯作”，从原⽂Buttoday，most graduates end up working outside academia可以看出这是⼀种被迫的选择，⽽且⽂中并未说明这些⼯作是⾼薪的，可以排除；

D)“他们被认为是促成国家变⾰的⼒量”原⽂未提及，可以排除。

57．A)。定位：由题⼲中的author say about America’s Ph．D．trainin9定位到⽂章第⼀段第四旬。

详解：推理判断题。定位句指出，在我们⽬前培训科学家的⽅式和他们真正能得到的就业机会之间存在巨⼤的脱节，我们也急切地需要⼤幅度改善培训计划，从⽽弥补这⼀脱节，故答案为A)。

点晴：B)“它与未来⼯作需求紧密相关”，该选项是对原⽂的误解，可以排除；C)“它应定位于学术界以外的职业”，作者没有表达过此类观点，可以排除；D)“它包括⼤量的实践课程”，本⽂未提及此项，可以排除。

58．C)。定位：根据题⼲中的recommend和Ph．D．S and postdoctoral researchers定位到⽂章第⼆段第⼀句。详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，2002年美国联邦实验⽣物学组织建议每⼀位博⼠后研究员都应与⼀名顾问协商其个⼈发展计划，故答案为C)。

点晴：A)“他们要满⾜社会需求”，⽂中没有提到这⼀点，可以排除；B)“应尽早建⽴起长期规划”，⽂章中没有提到建⽴长期规划的早晚问题，可以排除；D)“他们需要获得显⽽易见的⼯具以获得⼯作”是对第三段内容意思的曲解，可以排除。

59．B)。定位：由题⼲中的Government agencies and the private sector often use IDPs 定位到⽂章第三段前两句。详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，长期以来，和私⼈机构都通过⽤个⼈发展计划来为他们的雇员和组织实现特定⽬标。⽬的就是要确保雇员能获得显⽽易见的衡量⼯具，来帮助他们