高中英语阅读理解测试题doc

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. \"Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.\" she said, \"but the type of phytoplankton is changing.\"

（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

（2）What does the underlined word \"vulnerable\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable （3）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. （4）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain

C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。

（1）段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Antarctica has become one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily supervised by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).

The first expedition (探险) to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent's role in the world. In 1969, Lindblad built the world's first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica.

In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours of flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.

Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,3 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans 11.1%, Australians 10.7%, and the British 10.2%. The rest of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France and elsewhere.

The cost of a trip to Antarctica can range from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole. （1）Which can best replace the underlined word \"supervised\" in Paragraph 1? A. Protected. B. Monitored. C. Supported. D. Forbidden. （2）What's Lars Eric Lindblad's original purpose in getting to Antarctica? A. To make himself the first explorer to go to Antarctica. B. To transport more and more tourists to Antarctica. C. To get first-hand experience of precious resources. D. To let people know the significance of the continent. （3）What do we know about the flights to Antarctica? A. They were once cancelled for more than ten years due to dangers. B. Natural conditions of Antarctica are unable to support their landing. C. It takes 14 hours to fly from New Zealand to Antarctica directly. D. Air New Zealand has much success in developing Antarctic tourism. （4）What can be learned from the passage?

A. It is very convenient for Americans to travel to Antarctica. B. The travelers usually have 4 hours' sightseeing on the continent. C. The number of people travelling to Antarctica is increasing. D. New Zealand is the first country to offer scenic flights to Antarctica. （5）What's the best title for the text?

A. The development of Antarctica B. Antarctica, a dream tourist attraction C. The history of tourism in Antarctica D. IAATO, a great organization 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）C （5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史，尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加，以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的”by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).“可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent's role in the world.“他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性，以便教育他们，并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。可知Lars Eric Lindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲的重要性。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.“来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。1994年，前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today.“自1969年以来，到南极洲的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人；以及倒数第二段中的”Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow.“尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加。可知前往南极洲的人数正在增加。故选C。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad.“1966年，由瑞典探险家Lars Eric Lindblad带领的探险队首次随旅行者前往南极洲。以及文章主要内容为介绍南极洲旅业的历史，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses. What do they cost?

Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each department's homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in the sciences and education. SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.

Duration: three-year course Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical. Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation Requirement: first degree in specific subject area （1）What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education. B. Traditional teaching methods. C. Distance-learning courses. D. Face-to-face communication. （2）What do the two sample courses have in common? A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays. C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules. D. They both favor students with interest in the subject. （3）What is the main purpose of the text? A. To advertise certain online courses.

B. To stress the need for distance learning. C. To introduce distance-learning techniques. D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据BA in English Language and Literature部分中的”Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解 Road trip

Motorhome delivery offers great family holidays. For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, which you deliver to a specific destination within some days and kilometers. You then hire another one to get home or take a bus or train. Your only other expense will be fuel and about $20 a day for parking fees. To learn more, visit apollocamper.com. Plan ahead

For a comfortable break, flexibility with times, dates and places helps lower the cost. Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price. Lots of last-minute deals are online. Watif (watif.com.au) has deals on hotels that have dropped their prices so slow. You don't know where you're staying until it's booked, but anywhere with four or five stars has to be fairly good. Back to nature

Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing. This is forbidden on beaches and parks in most urban areas, but you can turn up in more distant area as long as nobody owns the land. You'll need to take everything with you and may need to shop on eBuy (ebuy.com.au). If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the

Internet. Swap meet

How about a home swap? For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice while they or someone else stays in yours. Find out more at familylink.com.au.

（1）Where can you get the information about motorhomes?

A. familylink.com.au. B. watif.com.au. C. apollocamper.com. D. ebuy.com.au. （2）What's the advice for camping beginners?

A. Take only what you need. B. Stay away from no-man's land. C. Keep in touch with eBuy. D. Watch out for possible dangers. （3）What helps to pay less for rooms in a hotel?

A. Waiting for some time before booking. B. Choosing hotels with four or five stars. C. Deciding on rooms as early as possible. D. Bargaining prices through the Internet. （4）What's the purpose of the text? A. To show the advantages of online service. B. To teach the importance of running away from work. C. To help people have fun at less expense. D. To introduce new destinations for nature lovers. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，提供了几种节省游玩花费的方式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Road trip部分中的”To learn more, visit apollocamper.com.“可知，如果要了解motorhomes的相关信息可以浏览此网站。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Back to nature部分中的”If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the Internet.“可知，如果你是首次露营，要注意安全问题，如果有疑问一定要在网上问清楚。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Plan ahead部分中的”Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“可知，找到想预定的房间后，再等几周进行预定会节省不少费用。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据Road trip部分中的”For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, “一美元一天租用装备完全的motorhome；Plan ahead部分中的”If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“用更少的钱预定房间； Back to nature部分中的”Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing“不花钱露营； 和Swap meet部分中的”For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice“250美元一年交换房子居住。可知，本文的主要目的是介绍几种可以花费很低费用的游玩方式。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生

需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Huawei Technologies Co. displayed its much-anticipated in-house operating system Harmony OS on Friday, marking what some call the Chinese tech giant's biggest push yet to build its own software ecosystem for the era of the internet of things.

The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government's restrictions on Huawei using Google's Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said. Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei's consumer business group, speaking in Dongguan, Guangdong province, said it is difficult to deliver a smooth experience across different devices with the huge amount of codes involved in the Android and Linux operating systems. Linux is an open-source operating system widely used in personal computers and other hardware.

\"Harmony is a next-generation operating system designed to address the challenge,\" Yu said, adding that it will be able to support a wide range of application situations, including smart TVs, automobiles and wearables.

The internet of things refers to a network of devices and other objects that can connect with each other and exchange data.

Yu said the US government's restrictions have accelerated the company's marketing of the system, which now has about 4,000 employees working on it.

The senior executive said Harmony can be used in its smartphones. But Android is still Huawei's preferred choice for handsets if the company is allowed to use it.

\"But when Android is not available, Harmony can be applied immediately to smartphones. Harmony is ready,\" Yu added.

Jia Mo, an analyst at market research company Canalys, said even if Huawei does not use Harmony in its smartphones in the short term, its smartwatches and smart TVs can be equipped with Harmony to widen its use and accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem. \"Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be more accepted by current Android users. This will prevent Huawei from repeating the fate of Microsoft in promoting smartphone systems,\" Jia said. Microsoft failed to popularize the use of its Windows system in smartphones years ago.

（1）What is the significance of the Harmony OS? A. It symbolizes Huawei has finished its own software ecosystem. B. It may reduce the threat from US government's restrictions. C. It will accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem. D. It successfully borrows from Microsoft's Windows system.

（2）Which of the following may take the place of the underlined word \"compatible\" in the last paragraph?

A. Used harmoniously. B. Operated quickly. C. Resisted fiercely. D. Monitored closely. （3）Where may we find this article?

A. Fashion magazines. B. TV interviews. C. Historic documents. D. News websites.

【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了华为的鸿蒙系统的发布。此系统的发布还有望削弱美国对华为在智能手机中使用谷歌Android操作系统的。更重要的是，华为选择将鸿蒙系统构建为开源操作的系统，并允许它与Android系统兼容。这样就可以阻止华为重蹈微软在智能手机系统推广上的覆辙。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government's restrictions on Huawei using Google's Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said. ”可知，华为希望鸿蒙操作系统能够削弱来自美国禁止华为在智能手机里使用谷歌安卓系统的影响。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be easily accepted by current Android users.”鸿蒙是一个“open-source operating system”开源操作系统，华为选择将鸿蒙安装在一个对各种资源开放的操作系统中，就是让它能够与安卓系统兼容。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。这篇文章讲述的不是时尚、学术或科学问题，它的文体属于新闻，所以可以在新闻网站上找到。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A photography exhibition by French artist San Bartolome entitled Moon Door Dreamers opened in the 798 Art Zone in Beijing on December 10, 2011, presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.

Bartolome took these photos in August 2008, and produced a video named Two Worlds, One Dream. These works were displayed in Pingyao, an ancient city in Shanxi Province, under the title Beijing Midsummer Night Dream in September 2010.

The moon doors serve as a keyhole through which one can catch a glimpse of a slice of Beijing life. He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, where he discovered a peculiar street along which a gray brick wall was built to cover the shabby bungalows. These cabins were mostly rented by migrant workers- peddlers, craftsmen, grocers and innkeepers.

Born in 1950, Bartolome has worked as a photographer, stage director. Artistic manager, writer and diplomat. A noted Sinophile, Bartolome frequently visits China for photographic subjects. In the fall of 2003, he joined the French Embassy in Beijing as a cultural attache. His work experience in China from 2003 to 2015 further enhanced his awareness of and love for China. Bartolome not only loves Chinese culture but also the Chinese people. He thinks that Chinese people are kind, welcoming and diverse.

Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles. He observed dwellers carefully and made friends with them.

After about 30 days and nights that he spent with these common migrants, he created a number of portraits. Meanwhile, he learned more about those rural migrants who earn their living in a city with which they are unfamiliar.

He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights, and he borrowed the title of one of William Shakespeare s comedy works: A Midsummer Night's Dream. （1）What is the main purpose of the exhibition? A. To present Bartolome's photographic skills. B. To tell us Bartolome's work experience in Beijing.

C. To show us Bartolome's optimistic view on ordinary life in Beijing. D. To build a cross-cultural communication bridge between China and France. （2）What inspires Bartolome to shoot pictures about ordinary urban styles? A. His bike ride to Southeastern suburb of Beijing. B. His work experience in the French Embassy in Beijing. C. His visit to the ancient city of Pingyao.

D. Shakespeare's comedy work: A Midsummer Night's Dream.

（3）What does the underlined word \"Sinaphile\" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. A successful artist. B. A cultural attache. C. A person of status. D. A fan of China. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A. A French artist tells Chinese stories with his camera. B. A French artist frequently visits China for photography. C. Migrant workers live a simple but happy life in Beijing. D. Moon Doors serve as a window to display China to the world. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展，从跨文化角度呈现了普通城市的生活以及拍摄的原因。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.\"以及最后一段中的\"He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights,\"可知，这次摄影展用一种跨文化视角来展示首都的普通生活，他以乐观的角度拍摄的。由此推断出摄影展向我们展示巴托罗姆对北京城市生活的乐观态度。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, ...\" 以及第六段中的\"Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles\"可知他（拍摄）的灵感来自一次去北京东南郊的骑行之旅，...。回到北京之后，他决定拍摄一些关于普通城市生活方式的照片。可知，是他骑自行车去北京的东南郊区激发了他拍摄普通城市的生活 。故选

A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段划线词\"Sinaphile\"后的内容可知, 巴托罗姆为了这个摄影主题经常访问中国。2003年秋，他以文化专员的身份加入了法国驻北京大使馆。从2003年到2015年，他在中国的多年工作经历让他加深了对中国的认识和热爱。由此可知，他是一个热爱中国的人，喜欢了解中国，是一个\"中国迷\"。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段叙述了法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展开幕从一个跨文化视角来展示在首都的普通生活。接着叙述了为什么 拍摄中国普通城市的生活，用摄影机拍摄他在中国的经历来表现对中国的热爱。由此可知本文主要叙述了一个法国艺术家用他的相机讲述中国故事。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern\"A-B-B\". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the\" A-B-B\" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar.\" Position is key to language,\" she says. \"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing. （1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ. B. Experiencing new information. C. The baby' early age. D. The connection with other babies.

（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment? A. Babies identify different sound patterns. B. Word order is relevant to meaning. C. Babies can well understand different words. D. A certain brain region processes language.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3? A. Grammar is important in learning languages. B. Different orders have different meanings. C. Different languages have different grammar. D. Words have different sounds.

（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl? A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain. C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the\" A-B-B\" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。 （3）句意猜测题。根据第三段\"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。 （4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about ,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.

Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.

The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.

If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.

Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.

Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.

Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.

As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A.To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat. B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly. C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat. D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence. （2）What is the author's attitude towards the new research? A.Doubtful. B.Positive.

C.Disapproving. D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with_______. A.health risks B.diet habits C.animal welfare D.environmental protection

（4）What can we learn from the recent research? A.Red meats don't have significant health risks. B.Reducing meat consumption will be worth it. C.The report authors have reached a consensus. D.Consuming red meat will do good to health. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“ Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“ The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable(一次性的) habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also increasingly seems to be buried.

Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced \"material fatigue(疲劳)\"-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash-and the task was delayed.

All the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, \"We'll have more plastic than fish by 2050.\" Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.

Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists' state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907. The process uses \"supercritical\" water-heated to around 450 degrees Celsius (842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil, the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products.

The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale(规模) may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.

（1）Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To indicate the hopeless future of human life. B. To figure out the solution to reducing plastics. C. To show the seriousness of the plastic problem. D. To tell people to give up an unhealthy lifestyle. （2）What can we know about Slat's system?

A. It proves harmful to the Pacific. B. It has been abandoned completely. C. It has received many people's opposition. D. It met with difficulty while being carried out. （3）What is the advantage of Wang's system? A. It can save fish in the ocean. B. It can recycle and reuse plastic.

C. It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel. D. It can make plastic products more affordable.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards Wang's system?

A. Hopeful. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Uncertain. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Linda Wang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable habits, any hope for a solution also increasingly seems to be buried.”可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Not long after it started，Slat's system experienced' material fatigue likely the result of being strained by all that trash.” 在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.”然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.”那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her.

It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. \"Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,\" suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road.

By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. （1）Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law? A. they could not see each other because of the fog. B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels.

C. They planned to do different things until lunch time. D. The writer didn't want to go to the concert.

（2）What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon? A. Go to the concert. B. See the Crown Jewels. C. Return to Cambridge. D. Go shopping.

（3）The reason why they didn't all meet for lunch was that _______. A. They lost their way in the fog

B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement

C. they waited at different places and didn't meet each other D. the couple couldn't find the underground station

（4）It's quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________.

A. spilt by the fog B. quite tiring C. rather disappointing D. very enjoyable 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch”可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem”，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故选A。

（3）细节理解。根据第一段中的“It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that

my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. ”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.

Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.

One Saturday morning, my father said to me, \"Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!\" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!

I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. When I gave the salad to him, he said, \"Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden.\" I felt a little bit guilty.

Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, \"Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store.\" She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.

I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile. \"Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.\"

Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.

（1）Christine originally said she would do the gardening because she ________. A.knew it was important to her father B.wanted to improve her gardening skills C.was asked by her father to do it D.was interested in growing vegetables

（2）Which of the following was a problem in the garden? A.Animals often dug in the garden. B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots.

C.The plants were given too much water. D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.

（3）Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because ________. A.her father couldn't see the garden's progress B.her father was in hospital at that time C.her mother helped her to buy the vegetables D.her mother helped her to make a spray

（4）What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening? A.Always prepare for a rainy day. B.Don't be disappointed by bugs. C.Hard work can be rewarding. D.Working alone produces results. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"My father loves his garden.\"及第二段中的\"I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered.\"可知，Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs.\"可知，Christine去花园看到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣和胡萝卜，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while.\"可知，Christine的爸爸在一次事故中受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe.\"可知，现在，Christine更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果，不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

An aspirin a day keeps the doctor away

Dr. Tim Johnson discusses evidence of a daily dose of aspirin's benefits. That's not the saying, but doctors have agreed, for about a generation, that an aspirin a day is good for you. It may reduce the risk of heart attacks or strokes by 20 percent or more.

The US Preventive Services Task Force, an independent group convened by the Department of Health and Human Services, has published guidelines that it says should end the confusion. The key points:

⒈Men should start a daily aspirin at age 45, mainly to protect against heart attacks. ⒉Women should start at 55, mainly to protect against stroke.

⒊For both sexes, a baby aspirin-typically 81 milligram a day-will do the job. There is no evidence that a large dose makes a difference.

⒋And both sexes should stop by age 80, unless their doctors say otherwise. As you get older, there's a greater risk of bleeding in the brain or the digestive system, a risk that is small but can be deadly in some cases.

If people start taking aspirin as the guidelines, doctors say their risk of heart attacks will drop by about 20 percent. \"People may ask themselves 'Am I at risk for a heart attack or a stroke?'\" said Dr. Randal Thomas, director of cardiovas-cular health at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota \"If you are age 45 and male, if you're above age 55 and female, the answer is most likely yes, and you will most likely benefit from taking a small dose of aspirin a day. （1）What might Dr. Tim Johnson think of taking an aspirin a day? A. It is useless for the old. B. It will keep the doctor away. C. It is beneficial to health. D. It will have harmful side effects. （2）What can we learn from the guidelines? A. The aspirin has the same effect on both men and women. B. A large dose of aspirin will cause bleeding in the brain. C. People should start taking aspirin at age 45.

D. It will be a waste if you take more than 81 milligram of aspirin a day. （3）What might be Dr. Randal Thomas attitude to the guidelines?

A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. （4）What is the text mainly about?

A. How to keep the doctor away. B. How to reduce the healthy risk. C. What are benefits of aspirin. D. Who should take aspirin and when. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍类\"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林\"。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Dr.Tim Johnson discusses evidence of a daily dose of aspirin's benefits.“可知阿司匹林对健康是有好处的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三小点”a baby aspirin-typically 81 milligram a day-will do the job. There is no evidence that a large dose makes a difference.“可知阿司匹林服入超过81毫克是没有作用的，也就是过多的服用是浪费，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”you will most likely benefit from taking a small dose of aspirin a day.“每天服用小剂量的阿斯匹林最有可能使你受益。可推知 Dr.Randal Thomas指导方针持支持态度。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的”If you are age 45 and male, if you're above age 55 and female, the answer is most likely yes, and you will most likely benefit from taking a small dose of aspirin a day.“可知，短文介绍服用阿司匹林的指导方针。45岁的男性和55岁以上的女性，是可以服用阿司匹林的，每天服用小剂量的阿司匹林中受益。\"可知文章主要讲的是\"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林。\"故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, \"Give What You Can, Take What You Need.\"

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, \"said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. \"We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.\" Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

\"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,\" Bridges said. \"There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.\" Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

\"After all, everyone has bad days and good days,\" he said. \"Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”

（1）What does the expression \"money with no strings attached\" in paragraph 1 mean?

A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. （2）What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?

A. Women tended to be more sociable. B. The activity attracted various people. C. Economic problems were getting worse. D. Young couples needed financial assistance.

（3）Why did Bridges carry out the project?

A. To do a test on people's morals. B. To raise money for his company. C. To earn himself a good reputation. D. To promote kindness and sympathy. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。

（1）词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头 while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard 可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。题干中的bride是 Tyler Bridges 举的一个例子，为了证明前一句 People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B。 （3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中

Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。

【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。

14．阅读理解

Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the road and that very person giving someone their last 20 dollars. That's exactly what Marine Corps veteran (退伍军人) Johnny Bobbitt, 34, did in October in Philadelphia.

Bobbitt served in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic (医务辅助人员) in Vance County, N. C. before he became homeless. Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.

One night in October, Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelphia as usual, when Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas. Scared and nervous, she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station. As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in the vehicle and lock the door. Minutes later, he appeared with a red gas can. He'd used his last $20 to buy her gas.

After that unexpected meeting, McClure and her boyfriend, Mark D'Amico, who both live in New Jersey, visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards, cash, snacks and toiletries. They then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldn't have to spend the holidays sleeping on

the street.

McClure started the GoFundMe page on November 10. With the page, the couple hoped to raise $10,000, enough money for his rent, a reliable vehicle and up to six months' expenses. Bobbitt's story ran in a local paper. By November 15，more than 10,000 local people had made donations through the GoFundMe page and more than $300,000 had been raised.

On Thanksgiving, Bobbitt was resting in a hotel, his feet up on the bed, drawing up a grand plan for his new life, thanks to several thousand dollars raised to repay him for a good deed. （1）What does the underlined word \"discreet\" in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Doubtful. B. Cautious. C. Guilty. D. Optimistic. （2）McClure met Bobbitt when she .

A. couldn't find a gas station B. got to the way home C. couldn't unlock her car D. was in search of gas （3）It can be known from the text that . A. Bobbitt's story obtained wide attention B. Bobbitt became world-famous overnight

C. the GoFundMe page collected over $400,000 for Bobbitt D. the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt （4）What is the best title for the text? A. A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness Forward B. A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous Heart C. A Homeless Veteran's Kindness Paid Off D. A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，—个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子，事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐，使他不用再睡在大街上。他们原本期望帮助他募集一万美元，意想不到的是，五天内募集到的捐款就超过了三十万美元。

（1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.”没有人知道他是怎样走到这一步（即无家可归）的，因为他对此非常小心谨慎。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas... As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt.”可知，McClure是在去加油站寻找油时遇见Bobbitt 的 。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Bobbitt's story ran in a local paper.”可知，McClure是在十一月十号建立募捐网页的，他们原本期望帮助Bobbitt募集一万美元，他的故事还上了当地的报纸，截至十一月十五号，一万多名当地人通过该网页进行了捐款，募集到的捐款超过了三十万美元。可知，Bobbitt的故事引起了广泛的关注。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述一个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子，事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐并且募捐到了三十多万美元，即这个无家可归的退伍军人的善心得到了回报。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.

Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major events to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1. If you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm or injury. For example, 1et's talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!

You can also weather a storm, but it doesn't involve actual weather. “To weather the storm” can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market(股市)crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.

Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. They've seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past—things that should really stay buried!

But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in the eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.

However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. And don't worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you! （1）What's mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs? A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are. B. How we can weather the storm.

C. Weathering a storm doesn't involve actual weather. D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.

（2）Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph? A. To stress the importance of weather forecast. B. To develop the awareness of family.

C. To explain the meaning of an expression. D. To praise the older children for being clever.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. A problem can't be solved if you worry too much. B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather. C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork. D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program. （4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction. B. To tell us some expressions about storm. C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts. D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个英语中与“风暴”有关的表达。 （1）段落大意题。第三段第一句“If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on without harm or injury. ”可知本段讲述weather the storm或者ride out the storm指安全度过；和第四段最后一句“To weather the storm can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段讲述To weather the storm指度过难关。故可知第三四段主要讲述weather the storm的意义是什么。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. ”可知暴风雨前的宁静任何事都可能发生，这是一段某些不好的事情将要发生的时间。接着作者用家庭聚会作为例子来解释这一种说法的含义，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。最后一段第二句“To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. ”可知头脑风暴的意思是尝试通过与他人交流来解决一个问题，即困难可以通过团队合作来解决，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，如第五段提到暴风雨前的宁静，第六段讲 “in the eye of the storm”处于风口浪尖上，最后一段说明“brainstorm”头脑风暴，可知文章主要介绍与“风暴”有关的表达， 故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

A new study has found that cats can connect with people in the same way as dogs and children. The research, published in Current Biology, suggests the social abilities of cats to form human

attachments has been greatly underestimated. The study notes that more cats live with humans than dogs do worldwide. But historically, more scientific research has centered on the social relationships between people and dogs.

The researchers designed experiments similar to methods used to measure human attachment behaviors. For example, other studies have observed how babies react to being reunited with caregivers after being separated for short periods.

About 70 cats were studied. The hehavior of the animals was observed by experts who divided them into two groups. percent were judged to be \"securely attached\" to caregivers, while 36 percent were found to be \"insecurely attached.\" The cats with secure attachments showed several signs of \"reduced stress\" levels, the study found. These cats were found to be more comfortable and effectively balanced their attention between the person and their surroundings. However, the cats with an insecure attachment showed clear signs of stress. These included shaking of the tail, repeated licking or staying completely away from the caregiver.

She added that the results showed that the level of secure and insecure attachments in cats is very close to those measured in human babies. In humans, research has found that 65 percent of babies are also securely attached to their caregivers. The researchers also were interested in finding out if socialization training would change the results.

But after a six-week training program for the cats, there were no major differences. \"Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable overtime, even after a training and socialization intervention(干预), \"Vitale said. （1）What does the study mentioned in this passage show? A. Cats' social ability is little thought of.

B. Dogs have more sociable personalities than cats. C. Historically, dog is much smarter than cats. D. Cats have bad social relationships with dogs. （2）What will happen if the cats feel unsafe?

A. They tend to attack their caregivers. B. They are going to shake their tails. C. They will stay close to their caretakers. D. They are likely to balance their attention. （3）What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. Attachment level in babies is higher than in cats. B. Training program plays an important role in the results. C. Researchers feel insecure when experimenting with cats.

D. It's hard to make changes to attachment styles between cats and caregivers. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的实验研究发现，猫能像小狗和婴儿那样和人之间形成依恋关系，而且这种关系一旦形成就很难改变。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But historically, more scientific research has centered on the social relationships between people and dogs.”可知，历史上更多的科学研究集中在狗和人的社会关系上，由此推测猫和人的社交关系很少有人考虑到。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However, the cats with an insecure attachment showed clear signs of stress. These included shaking of the tail, repeated licking or staying completely away from the caregiver.“可知没有安全感的猫会表现出明显的压力迹象，包括摇尾巴，不停舔舐或远离看护人员。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable overtime, even after a training and socialization intervention(干预),\" Vitale said.可知猫对看护者的依恋模式一旦形成，就相对稳定，即使通过训练和社会化干预也很难改变。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。