名词

名词 表示人、事物、地点、现象或抽象概念等的名称。如：teacher, desk, England, love等 考点分布：（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格

学习内容 考点一：名词的分类 人名 第一个字母大写 国家、地名、河流、山川名 专有前面不加the 团体、机构名称 名词 时间名、节假日名称 第一个字母大写， 由普通名词构成的专有名词 前面加the 可数名词 普通名词 不可数名词 个体名词，表示某类人或事物中的个体 集体名词，表示若干个体组成的集合体 物质名词，表示无法分为个体的物质或实物 如：Thomas, Uncle Bob 如：China, Paris, Qifeng 如：Cambridge University 如：June,Sunday,Christmas 如：the Great Wall 如：pen, worker 如：family, class, team 如：water, time, air 抽象名词，表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念 如：happiness, honesty 注意：有些名词既可做可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如： 名词 用作可数 用作不可数 名词 用作可数 用作不可数 灯 房间 光 空间 试卷，报纸 纸 玻璃杯 玻璃 鸡 鸡肉 橘子 橘子汁 考点二：名词的数 1. 可数名词单复数的规则变化（表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词） 变化规则 1 2 3 一般情况在词尾加-s 在以-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后面加-es 以-f或-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s 例 词 pen—__________ doctor—____________ bus—_________ dish—__________ box—_________ 将-f或-fe变为v再加-es knife—________, leaf—_________, wolf—___________roof—_________(屋顶) gulf—________(海湾) 注意： 以f(e)结尾的名词变复数，需要把-f(e)改为v，再常见的有9个，它们分别是：wife, knife , wolf, tshelf, self, life, half, leaf 。 记忆口诀： 1

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；(wife，knife , wolf，thief ) 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。(shelf , self，life,，half ，half,leaf ) 注意：由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同。 如：myself → ______________ 4 5 6 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，只加-s 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 factory—_____________ country—_________ boy—_________ day—_________ toy—_________ 加-es （中考常见4个） tomato—______________ potato—_____________ hero—_____________ negro—__________（黑人） 口诀：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯 加-s （中考常见5个） photo—___________ radio—__________ piano—___________zoo—____________ kilo—____________ 2.可数名词单复数的不规则变化 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 表现形式 单复数形式相同 只有复数形式 一些集体名词总是用作复数 部分集体名词即可作单数（整体），也可作复数（成员） 复数形式表示特别含义 改变名词中的元音字母 词尾发生变化 合成名词 主体名词变复数 两部分都变复数 表示国籍，即“某国人” 直接加-s 例 词 sheep,fish,deer等以及汉语中的计量单位如jin,yuan,li等 glasses(眼镜)，trousers, pants, shorts, clothes(衣服) people, police, staff(全体职员) class, family, team, group，couple times（时代）,papers（报纸）,looks（外表),sands（沙滩），matters（礼貌） man—___________ ,woman—_______; foot—_______ goose—__________ , tooth—________; mouse—_________ child—__________; ox—_________(公牛，壮汉) girl friend—_____________, pencil-box--______________woman teachers--___________________, singer--______________ German--_____________, American--_____________, Australian--________________, Canadian---_______________9 -man, -woman结尾Englishman—______________, Frenchman—_______________ 的，改为-men, 但德国人German是特殊词。 -women 注意：有些名词虽然以-s结尾却表示单数， 如：___________ (消息，新闻) ___________（草） __________ (政治) __________ (物理) 3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式构成 1） 名词作定语修饰名词时，复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。 如：许多苹果树________________________; 男学生_____________________________ 2） man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都变为复数。 如：男老师们________________________; 女医生们________________________; 4.集体名词的数

2

1）集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如：家庭_________；班级_______；牛_______；团队：team等，它们以单数形式出现，但实为复数。若他们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。 如：我的家人正在看电视。_____________________________________ 我家是一个幸福的家庭。_____________________________________ 2)有些集合名词通常只用作复数，如：人们______________; 警察______________等，如果要表达单数形式则要使用其它名词。 如：一个人 a person 而不是a people 一名警察 a policeman/a policewoman 而不是a police 当堂训练

( ) 1. ____ is made of _____.〔2014菏泽〕

A. glass; glass B. A glass; glass C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses

( )2. Help yourself to __________.

A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples

( ) 3.I have two _____ and three bottles of _______ here.

A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges ( ) 4. There is not enough _______ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground

( ) 5.The students of Grade 7visited Mike’s farm and saw many_________there.

A.bird B. duck C. sheep D.rabbit

( ) 6.There are a lot of________on the hill but hardly any___________.

A. sheep;people B. cows; person C. sheeps;peoples D. cows;peoples

( ) 7. He is ________ . A. an English

B. a Englishman C. a English

D. English

( ) 8. —After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.

—Why not buy some _____ to drink? 〔2014达州〕

A. bread 顺〕

A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers ( ) 10. Could you please get me some ______? I’m hungry. 〔2014黔西南〕 A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg

( ) 11. A/An____ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.

A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor

( )12. There are fifteen ______in our class.

A. girl student B. girl students C. girls students D. girls student

3

B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas

( ) 9. There are fifty ______ in our school. They are all friendly to us. 〔2014安

二、名词＋’s所有格: “……的”之意。 1. 单数名词后直接加________

Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈 2. 以s结尾的复数名词，只加________

Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书 3. 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加________ Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋

4.表示________时，在最后一个名词后加’s；表示________时，在每个名词后加’s Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 一、单项选择

1. Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day.

A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher' 2. It's June 1st, it's ________ Day.

A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens' D. Childrens's 3. This year, ________ is on May 9th.

A. My mother's brithday B. My mothers' brithday C. My mothers brithday D. My mothers's brithday

4. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 5. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind.

A. woman's B. womens' C. women's D. womans' 6. There two football today.

A. is，match B. are，matches C. are ，match D. is，watches 7. The old man wants .

A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples

8、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 9.That’s a art book.

A.an B.a C.the D.are 10.The boys have got already.

A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread

11. This is ________ .

A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike

12. These are ________ books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore.

A. Li Lin's and Jill B. Li Lin and Jill's C. Li Lin's and Jill D. Li Lin's and Jill's

4

主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers we us our ours they them their theirs

1. This is _________ (I )book. _________ (your)is in the bag. 2. The classroom is_________ (our).

3. Are these watches _________ (her)? No. _________ (her) watches are at home. 4. They aren’t _________ (his) neighbours. They are _________ (their). 5. The big house is_________ (they).

6. That is not _________ (my) knife. It’s _________ (she). 7. Is this book _________ (you)?

8. This hair clip isn’t my _________ (sister). It’s _________ (my). 9. This box is _______(I) , please open it for_______(I).

10. _________ (his) went to the park yesterday, _________ (his) sister stayed at home.

5