名词

名词

一).专题讲解

1. 名词的分类 普通名词 个体名词(class noun) policeman 可数名词 集体名词(collective noun) countable noun Common noun police 物质名词 (material noun) water 不可数名词 抽象名词 (abstract noun) honor uncountable 专有名词 ( proper noun)

2．名词的可数与不可数

noun 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都称为不可数名词。

名词变复数的变化规则（只有可数名词才有复数）

变化规则 实例 对应口诀 一般情况下加—s Car—cars dog--dogs 名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加-Bus-buses box-boxes es Watch-watches Brush-brushes s, x, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es

以辅音字母+y 结尾的改y为i再加es City-cities country-countries 辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es 以f，fe结尾的，去掉fShelf-shelves 或fe，变成v再加-es。 Wife--wives 词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve； 单词 口诀 man—men woman--women 男人女人a变e Goose—geese foot—feet tooth---teeth 鹅足牙oo变ee Mouse--mice 老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic Child---children 孩子加上ren Fish—fish beer—beer Sheep--sheep 鱼鹿绵羊不用变 名词变复数口诀： （一）规则变化

名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s,x,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上-es；

词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母+y在词尾，把y变i再加-es； 词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero,tomato,potato (二)不规则变化

男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee；老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic； 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 4．名词的所有格 (1) 名词所有格的构成法

A．单数名词词尾加’ s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’ s。 the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball

B．表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。如： This is Lucy and Lucy’ s room． These are Kate's and Jack’ s rooms．

C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。如: the students’ books，the girls’ blouses

(2)名词+of+名词,名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk，the door of the room

但在表示名词所有格时，’ s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格.如:ten minutes' walk，today's newspaper

二）专项练习题

Exercise 1: 用名词的适当形式填空

1. How many (绵羊) and （鹿）can you see?

2. I have six (小刀)， two (shelf书架) and some (potato).

3. They are all good (故事), but none of the (男孩) likes them.

4. There are several (ox公牛) here in the field. They are all (cattle).

5. Yesterday, my father bought some (goose). They each have two (foot).

6. There are all kinds of (fish) in the sea. I like eating very much. (fish)

7. If you give us 20 (tomato), we will give you 15 (potato).

8. The (leaf) on the tree are becoming yellow now. 9. Happy Day.

10. There are three (shoe) shops; they sell shoes.

11. (Tom) and (Jim)father’s likes (mouse) a lot。 12．———————— （王明的父亲） is a hotel manager.

13. They are____________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师)。 14.————————————（学生们的桌椅） are very new. 15.He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now. 16. Please open_____________________________(教师的门) 17. ————————（赵敏的鞋） are white.

18. Is this __________________________________（你的好朋友的钢笔）？ 19.Are these ____________________________________(男生们的书包)？ 20. That is ________________________________________(Tom 和 Lily 的教室)

Exercise 2:单项选择

1. What animal has four and four ? A. leg, foot B. legs , foots C. legs ,feet D. leg, feet 2. My are both interested in football. A. parents B. parent C. father D. mother

3. There are a lot of down there but hardly any . A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 4. The little baby has two already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 5.Uncle Wang bought two yesterday. A. watchs B. watches C. watch 6. Tom has made with Jim.

A. a friend B. friends C. friend D. some friends

7. The waiter or the waitress usually gives us a before we order dishes in a restaurant.

A. menu B. bill C. list D. form

8.---What can I do for you, sir？---I’d like two .

A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges

9. ---What’s the today? ---It’s June 22.

A. time B. day C. date D. month 10. There is no in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. a room B. rooms C. seats D. room 11. The sign “BUSINESS HOUR” can be seen in a . A. shop B. school C. park D. museum 12. What can I do for you? I’d like two .

A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple

13. He had something to write down and asked me for .

A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper

14. My school is about twenty walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minute’s D. minutes 15. You must finish the work in .

A. three weeks time B. three week time C. three week’s time D. three weeks’ time

16. ---Who are they? They look the same.-----Oh, they’re sisters. A. same B. the same C. twin D. twins

17. After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took rest. A. a few minute’s B. a few minutes’ C. little minute’s D. a little minutes’

18. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s 19. ---How far is it from your home to the school?---It’s about . A. 10 minutes walk B. 10 minute’s walk C 10-minutes walk D. 10 minutes’ walk

20. Jilin City will become more beautiful . A. in a few year’s time B. in a few years’ time C. after a few years’ time D. after a few years’ time