考点1阅读七选五之利用词汇关系解题(核心考点)-高考英语一轮复习(新高考专用)(学生版)

阅读七选五之利用词汇关系（核心考点精讲精练）

1. 三年真题考点分布

项目 卷别 考查类别 语篇类型 主题语境 段首句 段中句 段尾句 人与自然·介绍了在室内乙卷 说明文 种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物 甲卷 2023 2023年1月·浙江卷 新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与自我·介绍了成为一个有耐心的人的技巧 人与社会·如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议 人与社会·开始艺术之旅的好建议 人与自我·自我原谅的一些具体方法 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 人与社会·如何维持友谊 人与社会·体验巴黎人的生活 人与社会·旧衣物交换活动 人与自我·使自己变得有趣 1 3 1 0 3 2 说明文 1 4 0 说明文 1 3 1 新高考Ⅰ卷 新高考Ⅱ卷 2022 甲卷 乙卷 新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 记叙文 0 0 1 3 1 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 0 2021 甲卷 说明文 1 4 0 乙卷

2. 命题规律及备考策略

说明文 2 2 1 【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中阅读七选五的考查了12次。主要考查：

主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和上下文逻辑关系句(细节支撑)三类。其中，上下文逻辑关系句是考查的重点。

【备考策略】系统归类阅读七选五的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。

【命题预测】

阅读七选五以说明文为主，其结构非常的鲜明，设空处前后提示信息很明显，考查考生理解语篇整体或者局部的基本结构，以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。说明文阅读七选五将在2024年高考中出现。

巧用词汇复现解题

词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。

【方法指导】

【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.

G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)

·More isn't always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]

Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____1____ Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____2____ Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post. One with many likes is more likely to be seen-and to get even more likes.

What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain. ____3____ For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.

____4____ And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.

Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____5____ A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.

B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post. C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave. D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center. E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them. F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection. G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.

根据代词指代信息解题

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的短语、分句或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空格后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。

【方法指导】

【典例1】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.

G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【典例2】(2022·全国甲卷·节选)

Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 ．

A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]

Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. ____1____ It is about being intentional with everything you do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.

●Be conscious about your time.

Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. ____2____ If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about your time. Be

selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.

●____3____ You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.

●Learn to be grateful.

Gratitude takes you a long way towards conscious living. It opens you up to a happier and a fulfilled mindset. Most people are unhappy because they see only the negatives in life. However, everyone has something to be grateful for. Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. ____4____

●Believe in yourself.

It is the key to making the right choices, yet not regretting the wrong ones. ____5____ Spending time alone and thinking deeply are effective measures that enable you to identify the inner voice. Care for it and follow it to make it stronger down the line.

Conscious living is a skill you need to learn as you go, so be willing to make the effort and master it. You will absorb it soon and be a happier person in the long run. A．Know yourself better. B．Accept the person you are.

C．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions. D．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy. E．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference. F．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life. G．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.

基础过关

（最新模拟试题演练）

1.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】

Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.

●Change a routine.___16___One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.

●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. ___17___. If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will help you learn how to meditate.

●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings.___18___For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are grateful for in that moment.

●___19___Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.

●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and laugh.___20___ A．Do kind things for others.

B．You’d better find a meditation class in your area. C．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.

D．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable. E．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom. F．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life. G．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.

2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】

You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be?” ____16____ But many of you still don’t have a clue! Here are some things you might want to consider.

First, does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). ____17____ While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high-level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.

Second, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type. ____18____

Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress. ____19____ If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work.

____20____ Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. “

A．We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects. B．Some of you may have already decided on a career path. C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job. D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you. E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges. F．People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change. G．Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.

3.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】

Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. ____36____ Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.

Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. ____37____ This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.

____38____ Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.

Use the right tone of voice. ____39____ They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.

Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time. ____40____ A．Say kind loving words. B．Make use of polite expressions. C．Then choose to appreciate others too. D．Remember that words do not stand alone.

E．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help. F．This knowledge is gained through research and practice. G．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth. 4.【2023届吉林春吉大附中实验学校高三第四次模拟】

Nightmares(噩梦) are more common in childhood, but anywhere from 50% to 85% of adults report having occasional nightmares. Almost everyone can experience nightmares and it influences our sleep quality. ____16____

Establish good sleeping habits.

____17____ Develop one by exercising, setting regular sleep and waking times. Remember to engage in relaxing activities. Ensure your room is dark and cool.

Cut back on alcohol.

A lot of people use alcohol as a way to wind down and feel sleepy at the end of the day, but it’s really not the right solution. ____18____

Journal your worries.

Journaling can help you release your anxieties. Write down your worries to get them all out ahead of time, lest they rear their disquieting heads(蠢蠢欲动)at night. Journnaling can be helpful for alleviating nightmares and stress in general.

Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.

Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. ____19____ Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.

____20____

Silence is key to a good sleep. But for people who either don’t like it to be completely quiet or who are awakened by noises that they can’t control during the night, background noise is a good way. Try a fan or a white noise machine or an

app.

A．Use a white noise machine. B．Practice stress-relieving activities. C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep. D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep. E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep?

F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too. G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement. 5.【2023届辽宁省丹东市高三总复习质量测试（二）】

“The peach tree beams so red. How brilliant are its flowers. The maiden’s getting wed. Good for the nuptial bowers.” This is a verse(诗句) in Shijing, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, describing a young woman getting married in a cheerful spring. ___16___.

Peach blossom is a significant element in Chinese culture as it is a symbol of love and well-being, as well as a sign of spring and vitality.

___17___. According to archaeologists(考古学家) from Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the ancient Chinese in the lower reaches of Yangtze River already knew how to cultivate peaches 7,500 years ago. Until today, the deciduous tree has earned its place in agriculture, literature and horticulture.

From south to north, many cities, regions and gardens hold their own peach blossom festivals every spring. ___18___. Nyingchi peach blossom festival in southwest China’s Autonomous Region is one of the most popular events. Unlike the cultivated species in gardens, the peach trees here are a wild species called Prunus mira, or an peach. ___19___. The altitude there is around 2000-3400 meters above sea level, hence they are more cold-resistant and also taller.

Flowering is not just about plants themselves. It’s also about how people approach their lives. ___20___. In some places, appreciating the luxuriant bursts of flowers has been turned into a tourist hotspot and thus an economic drive. A．Peaches originate in China

B．The species can be found in the valleys or hills C．Chinese people often say “to have peach blossom luck”

D．Today, watching flowers has become a popular outdoor activity across China E．The lovely flowers on the peach tree are produced in early spring before the leaves F．They attract many people to enjoy the eye-catching peach flowers and boost local tourism G．Since then, peach blossom has been associated with the beauty and romance of young girls

真题感知

1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Personal forgiveness

Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.

In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37. Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.

At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38. You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.

It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.

G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 2.[2023·全国甲卷]

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tricks to becoming a patient person

Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. 36.

In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.

However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practise gratitude(感激).

“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.

●Make yourself wait.

Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. 38. Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.

●39.

So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40. ” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A.Find your causes. B.Start with small tasks. C.Accept the uncomfortable. D.All this adds up to a state of hurry. E.It can also help us practise more patience. F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.

G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.

Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37.

3.2022年全国甲卷

Important Things to Know When Dining Out

Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___. Hands or Utensils (餐具)

In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests

___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.

Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

4.2022年全国乙卷

Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___. ·More isn’t always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情)

___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___39___

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

·Don’t rely on technology alone

___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters

C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind