英语阅读(二)自考题-13

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

二、{{B}}Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 三、{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Many people believe that beavers are intelligent animals. After all, their dams are fine examples of engineering. The engineering feats of beavers are well known, but it will be useful to recall their main features. A pair of beavers will construct a dam across a river. The water held back by the dam overflows the bank on either side of the river, flooding the adjacent ground and forming a pond. At some point in the pond the beavers then build their home, which is called a lodge. This consists of a conical pile of branches and sticks of two to six feet in length held together with mud and stones, the top of which projects above the waterline. It serves as a shelter from the elements, a refuge from enemies and a base for food supplies to be drawn upon in winter.

From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved. Not only does it contain a central chamber just above water level, but it also has one or more escape tunnels, well-insulated walls and a vertical chimney, which regulates the temperature inside and gives

air-conditioning. It is altogether a cunning piece of construction, with all modern conveniences. It is, in fact, better protected against the effects of flooding than many human habitations.

Trees are essential to beavers. They eat the bark on the upper branches, and in order to reach these they must fell the trees. Tree-felling is a skilled job, as anyone who has felled even a sapling knows. But beavers fell more than saplings. A pair is said to be able to fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes. They do it by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach. They often build platforms of mud and earth to enable them to cut through the tree where the trunk is narrower.

The engineering skill of beavers is to a large extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands. A female will carry her young held under her chin with her front paws walking on her hind legs. A similar method is used by all beavers when transporting stones or mud, although

they also carry such materials on their broad flat tails. The forepaws are also used for burrowing and for dragging heavier logs.

It is easy, therefore, to see why people should talk about the beaver's skill, cleverness and intelligence. However, the structure of the beaver's brain gives no indication that the animal is any more intelligent than other rodents. Any of its actions, which appear to be the result of a higher order of reasoning, can be shown to be due to instinct and are suspected of being the outcome of an inborn pattern of behavior.（分数：

10.00）

(1).The passage implies that beavers prefer to build their home in ______.

   

A. deep water B. shallow water

C. rivers rather than pond D. lakes rather than rivers

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 推理题。文章第2段第1、2句讲“beaver(海狸)跨河水建坝，河水从河岸的两边溢出，流到邻近的地面，形成水塘”。由第四句...two to six feet in length可推断它们喜欢在浅水区建“家园”。 (2).The word \"elements\" in Paragraph 2 means ______.

   

A. natural habitations for animals B. environment natural to an individual C. atmospheric forces as rain, wind or snow D. substances as earth, water, air and fire

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 词汇理解题。我们知道“element”指“要素、元素”。“the elements”为短语指“自然力，天气等(尤指坏天气)”。

(3).The sentence \"From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved\" means ______.



  

A. the lodge was too poor to improve B. the lodge was left much to improve C. the lodge was nearly perfect D. it is easy to improve the lodge

（分数：2.00）

A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 语义理解题。题干中“From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved”的字面意义为“从工程学的观点来看，海狸建的房子几乎是不可能有什么改进的”，即言外之意为“房子很完美”。

(4).Beavers fell trees mainly to ______.

   

A. build dams B. build their lodges C. gain food

D. exercise their jaws

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 细节理解题。从第4段第二句可知其目的主要是为了获取食物。 (5).Which of the following statements is best to describe beavers? ______

   

A. They are clever animals and learn quickly. B. They are more intelligent than other animals. C. Many of their skills are developed in late life. D. Many of their skills are inborn capabilities.

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 细节判断题。文章最后一段最后一句说海狸的这些行为是天生的(inborn)。故D为最佳选项。

四、{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them.

Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the

container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.

The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has \"Economy Size\" printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.

The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.（分数：10.00）

(1).Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage? ______

   

A. Children are interested in some packages of products. B. Package is one of the important ways of advertising. C. People prefer to buy the products in plain containers. D. The size of a package usually motivates a buyer.

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题是观点题。根据文章第一段第一句，“Packaging is an important form of advertising.”可知，整篇文章都是围绕此话题展开论述的。

(2).The phrase \"a buyer will get something for nothing\" (Line 1, Para. 2) probably means ______.

   

A. a buyer will get something free of charge B. a buyer will get something useless C. a buyer will get something useful D. nothing is worth buying

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 根据文章第二段可知，get something for nothing的意思是免费获得(某物)。 (3).Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? ______

  

A. Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages.

B. Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than the product itself.

C. A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a similar product in a plain container.

 D. \"Economy Size\" doesn't always suggest that people can buy the most product for the least money.

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 根据文章第二段最后两句，“Although a similar product in a plain...”可知，选项C错误。

(4).What does the word \"them\" (Line 5, Para. 1) refer to? ______

   

A. Small gifts. B. Pictures. C. Games. D. Products.

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 根据文章第一段最后一句，“Pictures for children to color...”可知，them指代前面的products。

(5).What does the author imply in the last paragraph? ______

   

A. Package is just an advertisement.

B. Buyers shouldn't believe the information on the package too much. C. The package has nothing to do at all with the product.

D. Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 根据文章最后一段可知，我们不要太轻信于外包装上的信息。

五、{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

We shall outline the four major subfields of anthropology that have emerged in the twentieth century, physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and cultural anthropology.

Physical anthropology deals with human biology across space and time. It is divided into two areas, paleontology, the study of the fossil evidence of the primate (including human) evolution, and neontology, the comparative biology of living primates, including population and molecular genetics, body shapes (morphology), and the extent to which

behavior is bio-logically programmed.

Archaeology is the systematic retrieval and analysis of the physical remains left behind by human beings, including both their skeletal and cultural remains. Both the classical civilizations and prehistoric groups, including our prehuman ancestors, are investigated.

Linguistics is the study of language across space and time. Historical linguistics at-tempts to trace the tree of linguistic evolution and to reconstruct ancestral language forms. Comparative (or structural) linguistics attempts to describe formally the basic elements of languages and the rules by which they are ordered into intelligible speech. Cultural anthropology includes many different perspectives and specialized sub-disciplines but is concerned primarily with describing the forms of social organization and the cultural systems of human groups. In technical usage, ethnography is the description of the social and cultural systems of one particular group, whereas ethnology is the comparison of such descriptions for the purpose of generalizing about the nature of all human groups.（分数：10.00）

(1).The word \"anthropology\" (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means ______.

   

A. study of ancient human beings

B. study of mankind of its origins, development, beliefs, etc. C. study of human biology

D. analysis of the physical remains left behind by human beings

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 本题是语义题。由文章第一段anthropology所研究的四个领域可知，答案为B。 (2).Linguistics includes ______.

   

A. study of language and analysis of physical remains of human beings B. linguistic evolution and ancestral language forms C. historical linguistics and comparative linguistics D. study of language across space and time

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 根据文章第四段可知，答案为C。

(3).It can be safely inferred that ______.

   

A. cultural anthropology has the most perspectives B. physical anthropology has the most perspectives C. ethnography has the most perspectives D. linguistics has the most perspectives

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 根据文章最后一段第一句，“Cultural anthropology includes...”可知，答案为A。 (4).Which of the following statements is not true? ______

   

A. Anthropology can be divided into four major fields. B. This passage is mainly about anthropology. C. Linguistics deals with language as a whole.

D. The meaning of \"ethnography\" is almost the same as that of \"ethnology\".

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 本题可采用排除法。根据文章第一段可知，选项A、B正确；根据文章第四段第一句可知，选项C正确。故可知本题选D(根据文章最后一段最后一句也可判断选项D错误)。 (5).The passage is probably taken from ______.

   

A. a novel

B. a science fiction C. a detective story D. a science book

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 根据对整篇文章的理解可知，本文既不是科幻小说，也不是侦探故事。

六、{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.

So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.

Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary

interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.

In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an in-put-output balance.（分

数：10.00）

(1).From the evolutionary point of view ______.



  

A. sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences

B. forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive

C. if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive D. forgetting is an indication of an individual's adaptability

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 细节理解题。从文章第2段前三句可判断A项符合题干要求。 (2).According to the passage, if a person never forgot, ______.

   

A. he would survive best

B. he would have a lot of trouble C. the evolution of memory would stop D. his ability to learn would be enhanced

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 归纳推理题。从第3段后三句“Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example,... may no longer be...survival of...”可知B项“他可能会有麻烦”正确。 (3).From the last paragraph we know that ______.



  

A. forgetfulness is a response to learning B. memory is a compensation for forgetting

C. the capacity of a memory storage system is limited D. the memory storage system is balanced

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 段落归纳题。从最后一段第一句“Another line of...provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.”可判断A项正确，而且后面用了证据(evidence)和数据(data)进一步论证此观点。

(4).The tone of the passage can best be described as ______.

   

A. humorous B. theoretical C. exaggerative D. philosophical

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 作者观点题。题干问本文的基调。A项“幽默的”；B项“理论上的”；C项“夸张的”；D项“哲理的”。D项符合文意。

(5).The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ______.

   

A. interpret the function of forgetting B. illustrate the process of adapting C. explain the performance of memory D. emphasize the importance of learning

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 主旨归纳题。A项“阐述遗忘的功能”，B项“解释适应的过程”，C项“解释记忆的表现”，D项“强调学习的重要性”。通观全文不难判断A项正确。

七、{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Frank Buonanotte was going through some junk mail when he came across a postcard advertising a History Channel documentary. \"That pile of mail had been sitting there for weeks,\" he says. \"But I noticed the movie was scheduled to air within the hour.\" For some reason, Buonanotte, a semiretired entrepreneur, tuned in.

Into the Fire was about firefighters, and Buonanotte was fascinated. \"One segment was about what it's like to be in a fire,\" he recalls. \"The smoke makes it impossible to see, you're crawling along the floor, people are trapped in remote rooms.\" The film explained how a new technology called thermal imaging could \"see\" through smoke and walls so fire- fighters could identify victims, fallen colleagues, and the source of a fire. But the portable cameras cost more than $10,000 each, and few fire stations could afford them. About 80,000 firefighters are injured every year in the line of duty; last year, 114 died. \"But it's not like cancer,\" says Buonanotte. \"A cure exists. The only reason it's not used is lack of funds. That bothered me.\"

The documentary stuck with him. Having recently quit his day-to-day duties as founder and CEO of two companies, Buonanotte had been meeting with a life coach to figure out \"what the second half of my life would be about.\" At first, Buonanotte thought he would simply donate a few thermal imagers. He contacted the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation, and one conversation led to another. Buonanotte decided to set up and run a charity, 500 for Life (he asks for at least $500, but he'll accept any amount). Since its founding in 2007, the nonprofit has donated 40 cameras to fire departments in 25 states. \"It's never been easy for me to ask people for

money,\" says Buonanotte. \"But if firefighters have the courage to go into a burning house, then I need to have the courage to ask for money to get the equipment they need.\"

The Buonanotte family absorbs the administrative costs so that all contributions can go directly to buying new cameras. In addition, the family itself donates several cameras a year, and Buonanotte travels the country to speak, solicit money, and deliver cameras—\"the most rewarding part of the job.\"

Buonanotte could not have predicted the impact that the documentary would have on him—and others. \"Business success is good and fulfilling,\" he says, \"but many people end up thinking there must be more than just this. Usually, it's giving back that makes someone feel whole and satisfies that feeling that something is missing. I've been able to help fire-fighters save more lives. It doesn't get any better than that.\"（分数：10.00）

(1).Frank Buonanotte learned about thermal imager from ______.

   

A. a lecture B. a friend C. a TV program D. an advertisement

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 推理判断题。由文中的“the movie”，“the film”可以推断出选项C正确。

(2).We can learn from the third paragraph that Buonanotte was bothered by the fact that ______.



  

A. tens of thousands of firefighters are injured every year

B. firefighters' safety risks are improperly addressed by authorities C. thermal imaging was not yet ready to be applied in real situations D. fire stations couldn't afford the new technology to protect firefighters

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。由第三段最后一句话可知选项D正确。

(3).What did Buonanotte do after contacting National Fallen Firefighters Foundation? ______

 

A. He donated a few thermal imagers. B. He set up a nonprofit to raise money.

 

C. He talked his family into joining him to help the firefighters. D. He arranged a meeting with the thermal imager manufacturer.

（分数：2.00） A. B. √ C. D.

解析：[解析] 推理判断题。第五段将Buonanotte与National Fallen Firefighters Foundation联系后决定建一个慈善机构，第六段紧接着就讲了他建立此机构的目的。

(4).Which statement is true about the charity, 500 for Life? ______

   

A. The Buonanotte family takes care of its running cost. B. The donation it receives occasionally exceeds 500 dollars. C. It equips most fire stations in the U. S. with thermal imagers.

D. It is the result of the joint effort of Buonanotte and the fire departments.

（分数：2.00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：[解析] 事实细节题。由第七段第一句话可知选项A正确。 (5).We can infer from the passage that Buonanotte ______.

   

A. has set up several charities B. gets tired of his own business C. has strong sense of responsibility D. has earned great fame and satisfaction

（分数：2.00） A. B. C. √ D.

解析：[解析] 主旨大意题。文章主要讲Buonanotte看到一个纪录片后便萌发想帮助消防队购买先进装置的愿望并采取行动来实现他的愿望的故事，Buonanotte就此事也说明了他的人生观，由此可见他是一位有责任感的人。

八、{{B}}PART TWO{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 九、{{B}}Ⅱ.Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.

Why is a positive body image so important? Psychologists and counselors agree that a negative body image is directly related to self-esteem. The more negative the perception of our bodies, the more negative we feel about ourselves.

Being a teenager is a time of major change. Besides the obvious changes in size and shape, teens are faced with how they feel about themselves. Body image and self-esteem are two important ways to help promote a positive image.

When most people think about body image they think about aspects of physical appearance, attractiveness, and beauty. But body image is much more. It is the mental picture a per- son has of his/her body as well as their thoughts, feelings, judgments sensations, awareness and behavior. Body image is developed through interactions with people and the social world. It's our mental picture of ourselves; it's what allows us to become ourselves. Body image influences behavior, self-esteem, and our psyche. When we feel bad about our body, our satisfaction and mood plummets. If we are constantly trying to push, reshape or remake our bodies, our sense of self becomes unhealthy. We lose confidence in our abilities. It's not uncommon for people who think poorly of their bodies to have problems in other areas of their lives, including sexuality, careers and relationships.（分数：10.00）

(1).a person trained and educated to perform psychological research, testing, and therapy (Para. 1 )（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：psychologist）

解析：[解析] 该短语指在心理研究、心理测试、心理治疗方面受过良好的教育。 (2).having no positive features (Para. 1)（分数：1.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：negative）

解析：[解析] 该短语指没有积极的表现。文中negative指被动的。

(3).easily perceived or understood; quite apparent (Para. 2)（分数：1.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：obvious）

解析：[解析] 该短语指很容易觉察到或者易于被理解。文中obvious指明显的。

(4).to contribute to the progress or growth of; further (Para. 2)（分数：1.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：promote）

解析：[解析] 该短语指进一步促进进程或者发展。文中promote指促进。 (5).outward aspect (Para. 3)（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：appearance）

解析：[解析] 该短语指外部的样子。文中appearance指外貌、外观。 (6).a product of thinking (Para. 3)（分数：1.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：thought） 解析：[解析] 该短语指一种思考的行为。文中thought指思想。

(7).a perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition (Para. 3)（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：sensation）

解析：[解析] 该短语指与感知器官或身体某一状况相关的一种感知力。文中sensation指感知、感觉。 (8).co-operation (Para. 3)（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：interaction） 解析：[解析] 该短语指合作。文中interaction指相互交流。

(9).a power affecting a person, thing, or course of events (Para. 4)（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：influence）

解析：[解析] 该短语指影响一个人、一件事的力量。文中influence指影响。 (10).to fall straight down (Para. 4)（分数：1.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：plummet） 解析：[解析] 该短语指径直掉下来。文中plummet指垂直落下。

十、{{B}}Ⅲ.Summarization{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.

Paragraph One

The ability and willingness of older workers to continue working depend also on their personal state of health, conditions of work and motivation. Older workers face special difficulties at work, such as greater vulnerability to strain in a working environment, problems in adapting to new working methods and techniques and stresses associated with the transition to retirement. Ensuring appropriate conditions of work for older persons is crucial.

1. Older workers' need of h ______ to solve difficulties.

Paragraph Two

The vitality of our societies will increasingly depend on active participation by older persons. It is therefore imperative that we foster economic and social conditions that will allow people of all ages to remain integrated into society. An essential challenge is to promote a culture that values the experience and knowledge that come with age.

2. A favorable e ______ to ensure older people's participation in society.

Paragraph Three

Everybody wastes time. Instead of doing their homework, school boys watch television. Writers neglect their work, and wander in the room making cups of coffee and daydreaming. They all have good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work. As a consequence, they feel guilty, and then waste more time. 3. The vicious c ______ of wasting time.

Paragraph Four

This new kind of website is known as a \"weblog\an online journal, typically consisting of a personal diary or social and

political commentary, sometimes with replies from readers. Blogs have common elements: updated frequently (usually daily); informal; grouped by date with links to archives of older posts. 4. The passage talks about w ______.

Paragraph Five

Some people feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Many notice their anxiety but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some try to hide their nervousness; some become aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. 5. Different r ______ to tension when flying.

Paragraph Six

Today, a variety of safety tests is conducted on a wide range of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, pesticides, industrial chemicals, foodstuffs, and packing materials. The most thorough testing is reserved for drugs and products that will be used in or on foodstuffs.

6. The t ______ of safety testing.

Paragraph Seven

At this juncture, as many as 57 per cent of children in America do not have full-time pa-rental supervision, either living with a single parent who works full time or in a two-parent household with both parents working full time. The lack of parental supervision for young children is nearly as great. As many as 49 per cent of children under age six do not have the benefit of full-time parenting. While some children enjoy suitable substitute supervision provided by friends and relatives or in day-care, far too many do not.

7. The need of p ______ supervision.

Paragraph Eight

A poll was taken recently surveying twelve hundred adults in the United States to find out what they considered important in their lives. Ninety-six percent said that having a good family life was important. Ninety-five percent said that using their mind and abilities was important,

which marks a shift in the type of work from physical labor to mental skills. 8. People's v ______ towards life.

Paragraph Nine

Most five-year-olds can express themselves fluently with a variety of words and can understand an even-larger variety of words used in conversations and stories. If children have been exposed, to books and heard stories read and told, they have begun to develop an-interest in what print says and how it is used to express ideas; a concept of story and story structure: and an understanding of the relationship between oral and written language.

9. Cognitive and language d ______ in children.

Paragraph Ten

A fashionable word in English these days is YAHOO, a word popularized by the Internet search engine carrying the same name. The original \"yahoos\" were quite different. They were the nasty, brutish, short and subhuman savages described in the Gulliver's Travels. Today they are die-hard fans of the home team of any sport or sport enthusiasts who can't help loving the home team.

10. How did the w ______ yahoo come?（分数：20.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：help） 解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是老年人在工作中需要帮助。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：environment）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是创造一个合适的工作环境使老年人参与到社会中来。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：circle）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是浪费时间的恶性循环。无论是学生还是作家，他们起初都有良好的意图，学生要好好学习，作家要写出好的文章，可最终都没能坚持下来。结果，他们悔恨不已。从而浪费了更多的时间。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：weblog） 解析：[解析] 本段落主要讲述了博客。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：responses/reactions）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是人们在乘坐飞机时对于紧张的不同反应。许多人都可以意识到他们乘坐飞机时的紧张情绪，但仅仅有少数人能寻找一些方法去表达他们的紧张情绪。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：types） 解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是安全检测的种类。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：parental） 解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是孩子们需要有父母的监护。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：view/viewpoint）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是人们对于生活的态度。最近在美国对1200名成年人所做的“认为生活中最重要的东西是什么”问卷调查中，96%的人认为拥有美满幸福的家庭生活是很重要的。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：development）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是孩子们认知能力和语言能力的发展。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：word）

解析：[解析] 本段落的主旨是搜索引擎网yahoo名字的由来。

十一、{{B}}Ⅳ.Translation{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：20.00)

1.Our own Indians get fire by rotating a hard upright stick in a cup-shaped hollow of lighter wood, in which dry charcoal or the shavings of punk were placed. （分数：4.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(我们的印第安人是用这种方式去取火的，他们在一个杯形中空的易燃木中放入干燥的木炭或干朽木的刨花，将一根硬木棍放入中空处垂直旋转。)

解析：[解析] get fire by指通过……来取火；in which dry...were placed是一个非性定语从句。 2.Camps are either temporary, that is changed from day to day, or they are permanent and may be visited year after year, or they may be used for a few weeks at a time. （分数：4.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(露营地如果不是临时的，即每天都不一样，就是能保持永久的，即有可能每年都来拜访，或者有可能一次就使用它们几个星期。)

解析：[解析] either...or...指不是……就是……；permanent指永久的。

3.Shelters of boughs, arranged in an A-framed fashion from a ridge pole make good temporary shelters and are first rate as windbreaks at night. （分数：4.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(由栋梁排列成A型结构样式的大树枝成为了很好的临时遮风避雨的地方，而且它还是夜晚最好的避风所。)

解析：[解析] arranged in...ridge pole为过去分词短语作定语，来解释说明shelters of boughs；windbreak指避风所。

4.When the sky is clear, the sun and the stars help to guide the course, and if they are followed one is saved from traveling in a circle, as the lost are pretty sure to do in a dense forest. （分数：4.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(如果天气晴朗，太阳和星星可以为你指路。在茂密的森林里，迷路者经常会在原地绕圈而走不出去。如果跟着它们，就会避免绕圈。)

解析：[解析] when...the course是由when引导的时间状语从句；if they...in a circle是由if引导的条件状语从句。

5.For a journey of ten miles or more I would not advise you to make the pack load more than two hundred pounds, though I have known mules to carry three hundred pounds at a pace of twenty miles a day over rough trails. （分数：4.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(对于一个十英里甚至更远的旅程，我不建议驮载的负重超过两百磅，尽管我知道骡子能驮着三百磅的货物在崎岖的路上以每天二十英里的速度行进。)

解析：[解析] advise sb. to do sth.指建议某人干某事；I would not...over rough trails是由though引导的让步状语从句；at a pace of指以……的速度进行。