高级英语翻译及Pra

Lesson 9

1.从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克?吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。

2.这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪.莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像《宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。

3.马克?吐温认为，美国人的理想中缺少了一种成分。他说：“我们只消偶尔地躺下来好好放松休息一下，保持锋棱利角，我们将有可能成为一个多么朝气蓬勃的民族，一个多么富有思想的民族啊!”

4.在《神秘的陌生人》中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。

5.“……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。”

Par:

1)a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race .

a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind .

2)Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.

Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduce it to the world in his books or lectures.

3)The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied -a cosmos. In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.

4)Broke and discouraged ,he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprice.

With no money and a frashated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, ...

5)Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.

Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.

6)and when she projects a new surprise,the grave world smiles as usual,and says\"Well,that is California all over”。

and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment \"that's typical of California\"

7)Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.

Lesson 10

1.达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。”

2.“《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们

赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。”

3.由克拉伦斯.达罗和达德雷.费尔德.马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之

而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。

Par:

1)we'll show them a few tricks.

We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.

2)The case had erupted round my head...

The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.

3)The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.

The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.

4)that all animal life...had evolved from a common ancestor. that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism

5)\"Let's take this thing to court and test the legality of it.\" \"Let's accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not. \"

6)People outsiders.\"

People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.

7)As my father growled,\"That's one hell of a jury!\" As my father complained angrily, \"That' s no jury at all. \" 8)He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant. He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.

from

the

surrounding

hills,mostly

fundamentalists,arrived to cheer Bryan against the \"infidel

9)Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.

People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.

10)and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent \"Amens\".

and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with \"Amen\"

Lesson 11

1.究竟是什么导致了这场喧嚣与愤怒呢?出版这部词典的麦里姆出版公司也许称得上是全球最大的词典出版商，该公司声称他们为筹划这部词典的出版工作耗资三百五十万美元，动员了三百名专家学者花费二十七年的心血才完成了世界上任何语言中词汇量最大的词库。难道这一切都是骗人的把戏吗?

2.该词的定义如下：

用坚实材料制成的可移动的板或一种构造物，通常有一侧是固定着的，可以绕着轴和铰链转动，或沿一道凹槽滑动，或上下卷动，或作为一四叶物体旋转，或像手风琴一样可以折叠。通过这些方法，开口处得以关闭或打开，从而进出一建筑物、房间、或其他有顶的围墙、或汽车、飞机、电梯或其他运载工具。

3.两百年来，他给network(网络)一词下的定义“任何以同等距离呈网状或交叉成X状，并在交叉线之间留有空隙的物体”一直是人们的笑料。但在笑声中，有一件事却总是被忽略了：至今也没有任何人提出比这更好的定义来!后来的词典把network(网络)解释为mesh(网状结构)，然后又把mesh解释为network。这种处理方法倒的确是够简单的!

Par:

1)a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility.

a shameless example of irresponsibility in making the dictionary

2)What underlies all this sound and fury? What causes the abuse in the popular press?

3)It cannot be described in terms of any other language ,or even in terms of its own past. Each language cannot be described according to other language, or even by its own past.

4)All language are dynamic rather than static...

Every living language is in a process of constant change. 5)Even in so settled a matter as spelling, a dictionary cannot always be absolute.

Even in spelling, which is so stable and hardly debatable, a dictionary cannot always decide absolutely which is right and which is wrong.

6) But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's...

A dictionary should record the fact without bothering whether it can satisfy the vanity of those who use a dictionary to prove their unyielding position in an argument or help those who bet some money in support of their conviction.

7)Has the dictionary abdicated its responsibility? Has the dictionary failed to do its duty?

8)Lexicography ,like God,is no respecter of persons.

Lexicography is a science and its judgment, like the judgment of God, cannot be swayed by anybody no matter what high social position he may occupy.

9)And this ,too,is complex,subtle,and forever changing. And this is also complicated, delicate, and always changing. 10)The editorial charges the Third International with \"pretentious and obscure verbosity\". The editorial accuses the

Third International of being pedantically and confusingly wordy.

Lesson 12

1.拉扎鲁的女儿皮格特?坦纳瑞在学校读书时与我同班。她年纪比我大几岁，但由于成绩不好留了几级，这也许怪她经常旷课而且学习劲头不大。她掉课次数多的部分原因是她患有骨节炎，有一次一连住了好几个月的医院。我之所以知道这一情况是因为我父亲正好是为她治过病的医生。不过，我对她的了解几乎只限于她的病情。除此之外，我就只知道她是一个让人一见就觉得不舒服的人：说话时声音沙哑，走起路来踉踉跄跄，身上穿着的棉布衣裙总是脏兮兮的，而且总是长大得极不合体。我对她的态度谈不上友好，也谈不上不友好。她的住处和活动范围都在我的眼前，但直到我十一岁那年的夏季到来之前，我还从来没有太多地注意到她的存在。

2.那时皮格特大概是十七岁，但看上去却有二十岁左右。我盯住她看，为一个人能发生这么巨大的变化而大为惊讶。以前，她的面孔十分呆板，毫无表情，而现在却带有一种有几分狂欢的活力。她和身边的小伙子们大声地说笑。她的唇膏是一种鲜亮的洋红色，她的头发剪短，烫成弯弯曲曲的小卷。小时候她长得就不漂亮，现在也还一样，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是，

她那双乌黑、稍稍斜视的眼睛却是美丽的。而且，一条紧身裙和一件桔黄色毛衣将她那柔软、苗条的身材衬托得恰到好处，令人羡慕。

3.“或许是她丈夫离开了她，也许是她离开了她丈夫，，，我母亲说。“我也不知道是谁先离开谁的。总之，她带着两个孩子回到这里——两个都是婴儿，他们一定是先后紧接着出生的。我猜想，她给她父亲和兄弟们管理家务。他们就住在山谷里坦纳瑞家的老地方。有时我在街上看到她，可她从来不和我讲话。她发胖了许多，看上去乱七八糟的，说实话，完全是个邋遢的女人，衣着非常马虎。有几次她被传了去，自然是因为酗酒和妨碍治安。去年的一个周六晚上，是在最寒冷的冬季，皮格特独自带着两个小孩在那间窝棚里。我听说坦纳瑞家总是自己酿酒。据拉扎鲁后来说，那天他和儿子晚上不在家，皮格特整天在喝酒。他们家有个老式的烧木头的炉子，你知道的，就

是烟筒暴露在外的那种。窝棚起火了，皮格特和两个孩子都没有逃出来。”

Par:

1)with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar with laughter. who looked deadly serious, never laughed

2)Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl... Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor.

3)her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible.

She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork.

4)she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence.

I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease.

5)She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision...

She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight (Although I saw her, I paid little attention to her).

6)If it came to a choice between Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, Piquette would win hands down,nits or not.

If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, she would certainly choose the latter without hesitation, no matter whether the latter had nits or not.

7)Her defiant face ,momentarily,became unguarded and unmasked ,and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.

Normally, she was a defensive person, and her face was guarded as if it was wearing a mask. But when she was saying

this, there was an expression of challenge on her face, which, for a brief moment, became unguarded and unmasked. And in her eyes there was a kind of hope which was so intense that it filled people with terror.

8)She looked a mess, to tell you the truth,a real slattern ,dressed any old how.

She looked a mess, to tell you the truth; she was a dirty, untidy woman, dressed in a very careless way.

9)She was up in court a couple of times--drunk and disorderly,of course.

She was brought in court several times, because she was drunk and disorderly as one could expect.

Lesson 13

1.然而，如今英国的这一至关重要的产业正面临着空前严重的危机。几乎在世界上所有的主要航海线上，英国商业船队都有被强劲的外国竞争对手挤开的危险。

2.船主们担心这些大臣优先考虑的是拯救英国的奄奄一息的造船厂，而不是如何拯救英国的商船队。英国的造船厂目前正为波兰制造着24艘轮船。波兰人之所以倾向于英国是因为受到英国为他们提供2 800万英镑的资助款这一厚赠以及英国造船商将负责为他们筹集所有的贷款这一承诺的引诱。所以，当我国商船队正受到党国家商船的威胁的同时，我们的却在用英国纳税人的钱来帮助他们降低造船成本。

3.而那些规模较小的海运公司却没有足够的财力来从事多样化经营，它们面临着破产的命运。一旦这些海运公司破产，英国有限的几个值得保留的传统产业的一大部分也会随之消亡。Par:

1)carving their way into the international shipping trade by severly undercutting Western shipping companies .

cutting their way into the international shipping trade by charging much less freight rate than the Western shipping

companies

2)who are bent on taking over the lion's share of the trade. who are determined to take the biggest share of the trade 3)routes in which Britain has a big stake.

Britain has important interests in these trade routes. 4)They make it harder to make a big killing in good times... They make it more difficult to make a large amount of money when economic conditions are favorable.

5)But they make it easier to weather the bad times... But they make it easier to survive when economic conditions are unfavorable.

6)the estuaries of the world became jammed with the steadily increasing numbers of moth-ball tankers.

More and more oil tankers the world over lay idle. 7)Much of Britain's liner fleet rarely sees a British port. Much of the fleet carries goods between foreign countries. 8)British companies are big on the Japan-to-Australia run. British companies are doing much business on the line between Japan and Australia.

9)Developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbols--the next thing to go for after a natonal airline.

Developing countries consider a merchant navy very important because it is a sign of their economic power, so after they have set up a national airline, the next thing they would like to have is a merchant fleet.

10)Russia has expanded its cargo-liner fleet far faster than the growth in either its own trade or world trade would justify.

Neither the growth in Russia's trade nor that in world trade would demand such a rapid development of Russia's cargo-liner

fleet.

11)has developed the kinds of ships which would certainly expand the Soviet reach well beyond its perimeters.

These ships would certainly make it possible for she Soviet Union to exert its influence on countries far away from its territory.

12)And when they go,so does a huge slice of the few traditional industries worth keeping. When these smaller shipping companies go bankrupt, a big part of the few old industries that have been doing well and earning huge profits will close down.