高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版

非谓语动词 相对谓语动词的时间意义 例句 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 一般式不定式 I want to go home. I hope to see you. 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发I saw him come in. He helped him (to) carry things. We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 一般式在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动He insisted on doing that work 动名作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 词 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 持说明分词表示的动作和句中On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 说明分词表示的动作发生之Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. I can't find my lost pen. He is a person well-known in this country. I remember seeing him before. 续性动谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 现在分一般式通常说明分词表示的动作，分词 过持此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发词 终词 止性动后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立词 刻发生。 续性动生。 去分词 词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 代替完成式现在分词的被动Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter. 语态。 说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it. 完成式不定式 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。 I expected to have left by then. (=I had expected to heave by then.) 完说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示We regret having told you the news. After having finished his work, he went home. He denied having broke the glasses. 说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表完示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。成式如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; 分词 turn; open.不用完成时

http://epizza.nease.net/sbpage/grmm.htm - top#top 二．非谓语动词的被动语态

1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it. Hearing this, he rose and went to the door. Having finished his work, he went home. He seemed to have known it. We wished to have done this. He is believed to have done it. I'm sorry to have troubled you. 成式的动作先发生。 动名词 表示被动的意义 The meeting is to be held next week. He wanted to be sent to the hard area. 有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。 不定式 The box is not strong enough to stand this. It's too small to see. There is a lot of work to do The house is to let at low rent. I am not to blame. Houses are still to seek. Much remains to do. The text is hard to learn. 表示被动的意义 He insisted on being sent to the hard area. My watch needs repairing. The book is worth reading. 现在分表示被动的意义 The building being built is a school. Not having been told, he didn't know where to start. 过去分词 表示被动的意义 Heated, the metal expands. 动名词 在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后, 表示被动的意义 分词 词

2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别 非谓意义和用法 语动词 例句 一般含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动The person being criticized is our monitor. 式现在分词表示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词 词 完成表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一式分词 般是瞬间动词 具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比过去分词 Not having been told about it, I don't know how to do it. Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it 句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同much better. 完成式的被动词态可互换。

http://epizza.nease.net/sbpage/grmm.htm - top#top 三．非谓语动词的句法作用 1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表 非谓语动词 不定式 句子成分 主语 直接宾语 短语动词宾语 宾宾语补语 语 介词宾语 形容词宾语 表语 定语 状语 同谓语 插入语 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 分词

2. 非谓语动词作主语 非谓意义和用法 语动词 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To do it well is my earnest desire To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question 1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy To master a foreign language is no easy job. 例句 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，hard possible） 常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不（短语）移到谓语之后作真正不定定式式 主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 It appears likely for them to arrive. 2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. It needed hard work to finish the job. It does no good to say like that. It is foolish to act in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)名词作表语 It seems a pity to waste them. It is a great pleasure to do this It is a good idea to think this way. 动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Swimming is a best sport in summer. There is no telling what will happen. There is no denying the fact. There is no need informing him of it. 动名词短语作主语时，常见的1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 另一种形式是在句首用先行代词worthwhile) 动名it作形式主语面将动名词短语移词 至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词 It is nice talking to you. It's foolish behaving like that. It is useless doing that 2)名词作表语 It's waste of time doing this. It's no good (use) doing that. It's an awful job doing this. It's fun doing this It is not an easy task doing this work.

3. 非谓语动词作宾语 成分 非谓语意义和用法 动词 不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致 arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish. 有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, 直接宾语 动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, 将动词不定式（短语）take(think), understand, think. 后移作直接宾语 动名词的逻辑主动名词 语有时同谓语动词的 主语不一致 Do you mind my smoking? 用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge, believe, 不定式 let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon, He made believe he was correct. He found it necessary to work hard at English. 用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, I want to read a novel. 例句 动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语 有一类动词后面必须跟动名词 We found it troublesome solving this problem. We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this. We enjoyed staying there. 常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist. 有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式 1) 意义区别不大。 He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five. 常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear. 2)意义有区别 a) remember doing sth 记住做过某事。 remember to do sth 记住要做某事。 b)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。 forget to do sth 记住要做某事。 c)regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事。 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。 d)try doing sth 试着做某事。 try to do sth 努力做某事。 e)mean doing sth 意旨做某事。 mean to do sth 打算做某事。 f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。 stop to do sth 停下来做某事。 g)can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事。 can't help to do sth 不能帮做某事。 h)go on doing sth 继续做某事。 go on to do sth 接着做另一事。 短语动词这一类多数是一宾语 强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的宾语不定式 宾补 He arranged for me to stay there. 常见的动词有： 1)省略不定式符号的动词：make, let, have, see, hear, 事 I helped him (to) learn English. 不定式 些特定的用法。 'd rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/love to do sth, We saw him come in. I asked him to help me. He is about to leave. He did nothing but play. 这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语 动名词 He insisted on doing that. 常见的短语有：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, can't help(stand) notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn 3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand. 4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on 说明实际的情况，动名词 这种形式数量不多。 We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 强调动作进行的现过程 在分词 分词 表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表过示的动作之前。 去分词 have (get) 表示的动如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了I had my hair cut. I can't get this motor started. He was seen coming in We found him tied to the tree. He kept him waiting outside. 如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。 I found him coming in. We call this process testing. 作往往表示别人完成，主语补语，分词形式不变。 有时这个动作可能由主语完成 介不定式 这一类多是一些He was found tied to the tree. I hardly remember what I did besides read. 词宾语 特定的形式， He had nothing in mind except to work hard. It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly. There is no way out than climb the cliff. 这一类数量较多。 I'm afraid of making mistakes while speaking English. He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her. On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to see his friend. In (while) doing this, he learned a lot. 常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing 动名词 sth to doing sth 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。 不定式 形容词宾 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容 词的原因状语。 concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared, thrilled, vexed 这一类多是一些特定的用法。 动名词 The tree seems like trembling. The book is worth reading. He is busy working. 常见的过去分词有：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, 常见的形容词有：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry, thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxious, eager, prone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad I am surprised to see you. I am glad to see you.

4. 非谓语动词作表语 非谓语动词 意义和用法 表示具体的动连系例句 动词 有时可To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.(一般同主语的形式作，表示打算、用appear, seem, 一直) 计划、命令和要happen等作求等意义 连系动词 What I wanted to do is write it down. The only thing you can do is wait and see. How am I to pay such a debt? 不定式 Such questions are to be avoided. He was never to see his friend again. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. 常作主语的名词有：aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion. 相当于名词，说明主语动be 动名词 作的情况和状态。 一般是What like best is swimming in the sea. My job is teaching English (My job is to teach them to learn English.) Seeing is believing. 有时同不定式可以互换 Our duty is serving the people. Our duty is to serve the people. 相当于形容有时可It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising. 相当于形容有时可He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that. My work is finished. My watch is gone. 常见的过去分词有：1)常见带介词about分词： 现词，说明主语动用become ; get在作性质的。一般等 分分词后不再接任词 何成份 词说明主语动作用Become ; 的性质或状态，get ;remain ; 一般后面带介词appear ; seem; 分词 短语，有些形容fell; go; look等annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried 2) 常见带词化的过去分词动词 前可加very. 过去分词 介词at分词： amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, excited, offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3) 常见带介词against分词： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4) 常见带介词for分词： celebrated, concerned, destined, disqualified, noted, prepared, pressed, qualified. 5) 常见带介词in分词： absorbed, celebrated, concerned, disappointed, delighted, dressed, embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6) 常见带介词on分词： founded, based, bent, set 7) 常见带介词to分词： abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed, engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8) 常见带介词with分词：annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loaded, tormented, torture

5. 非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动位置 词 动词不定式必须放不定在所修饰词 式 （名或代）后 动作之后，具有形容词性质。 有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。 动名词放在在所修动名 词 词间不存在什么主谓关系 一分般现在所修说明正在进行的a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running 饰的词前 质，它同所修饰的名说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性a living room. He looked me with questioning eyes. 表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示He has no place to live in. I have much work to do. 意义和用法 例句 词 在分饰词前，有些动作，同它所修饰的形式 词 放在所修饰词后 在所修动作存在着逻辑主谓关系 表示被动的意a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, faded 饰词前，有些思，多数不及物动词flowers 过放在所修饰去分词后 词 的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成 放在所修饰词后 一般表示要做和应该做的动作。 I have a lot of housework to do at home. There is a lot of work to do in the company. He didn't have the chance to go to school in the past. 1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词 agreement, attempt, claim, decision, decisive, 短语 不定式 determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish 2)说明被修饰词内容的名词 campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means 3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来的抽象名 ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, He is the first one to come this morning. We have no time left. Fill the blanks with the words given. impatience, reluctance, willingness 放在所修饰词后 分词 过去分词短语有被动之意。 My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days.

6. 非谓语动词作状语 非谓语意义和用法 动词 表示目的，很常用。 He went home to see his mother. He came to ask a question. He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study. 表示结果，很常用。 She says so well as to bring down the house. Will you be so good as to tell him this? He is not old enough to do this. He is too excited to speak anything. 表示原因， He laughed to see them fall down. He wept to hear the news. 表示选择和比较 She opened her lips as through to speak He would die rather than give in. 表示条件 分词 表示时间，相当于表示时To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring. He went through the papers while having breakfast. 例句 现在分词短语有动作进行之意。 This is the bird shot by the boy. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. 不定式 间，相当于状语从句when, while。 Since leaving school, I met him only once. 常用于这些连词后When, before, while, after, since 表示原因，有时同用作时间状语的分词难以分清，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for 和 as。 表示条件，相当于条件状语从句if。 Being ill, he didn't come. Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it. Given more time, I can finish the work. We'll not attack unless attacked. Working hard, you'll succeed. 表示让步，相当于让步状语从句 though, although。 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句，这种分词前通常有thus 或thereby。 表示方式 Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. He sat there, as though waiting.

7. 非谓语动词作同谓语 非谓语意义和用法 动词 不很常用 不定式 不很常用 动名词 His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary. I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening. He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next. 例句 8. 非谓语动词作插入语 非谓语意义和用法 动词 多是一些特定的短语 不定式 To tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to be exact, so to speak To tell you the truth, I don' t know computers very well. 多是一些特定的动名词 短语 Generally speaking, his work is successful.

四. 非谓语动词的特殊形式 形式 非谓意义和用法 语动词 for sb to do sth这种结构可复不定合结式 构 用先行代词it作形式主语面将该结构后移作真正主语。 It is for you to decide. It is time for us to do this. It is impossible for me to do this. 例句 Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly speaking. 例句 There is a lot of work for us to do. I'd like you to do it. 常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous, easy, useful, hard, difficult, strange, astonishing, pleasant, fortunate lucky, necessary, reasonable, right, wrong, natural, interesting. with+名词或代词 to do sth的复合结构表示将要发生的动作 It (That) is +形容词 of to do sth. 表示性格特征，行为表现。 careless, cruel, considerate, clever, cunning, clumsy, decent, foolish, good, honest, impudent, naughty, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, splendid, wise, wrong, wonderful, thoughtful. send, bring, take 等动词表目的时，可带出自己的逻辑主语。 动名词之前的名词，如果是有生命的，通常用所属格表示，如果是无生命的，动名词 则用通格表示，现在有一种趋势用名词和代词代替所有格。 We are happy about his coming to see us. Do you remember Mary coming to see you? I objected to you smoking here. 分词 分词短语作状语时，一He stood there with his hand rising (raised). I don't mind your (you) smoking. They insisted on our staying there. His coming won't help much. The king sent the official to have a look. 常引导该形式的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, It kind of you to help me. I feel quite easy, with her to help me. 船没有自己的主语，其逻辑 主语就是整个句子的主语，但有时分词短语可以有自己的主语，由名词和代词表示放在分词短语之前，它们存在着逻辑主谓关系 We walked in, he leading the way. Greeting being over, they got down to business. He cried suddenly, tears rolling down his checks. His leg being badly hurt, he had to sty in bed. There being nobody in the room, we didn't go in. 不定无主语动名句子 词 不定感叹句 式 式 多用于否定形式。 Why stay in the room? Why not ask the teacher? 征求别人意见。 What about playing basketball? How about going to see a film? 多表示要发生的事。 To think how I started! To invite him! You are asking for trouble. 表示的意义根据句子分词 而定。 Going to Beijing! What for? Finished my book! I have just started. 相当语这些疑问代词和副词引导的从句。 What to do next has not been decided. What worries me most is how to do it I don't know how to leave. 其不定它形式 式 We are seeking the way in which to make the work easy. It is not yet decided whether to discuss this. 常见引导该形式的动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder 式不定式，被副词He wants to really know this. 分开。 用do和go构成的短语。 动名词 Go shopping, (hunting, fishing, swimming, walking, dancing, skating, skiing) Do some reading (shopping, sewing, washing) 悬浮式分词, 可以和主句的主语不一致。 1) admitting that…, supposing that…, provided (that)…, regarding, seeing that…, concerning that…, granted…, owing to dangle 2) talking about…, judging from.. Judging from his clothes, he is a doctor.

分词 五. 非谓语动词的否定形式

非谓形式 语动词 放在不定式符号前，如果是省不定略不定式形式放在动词前 式 一般形式 动名词 放在分词前 分词 Not having told when to start, he came late. 不定特殊形式 式 动名词

位置 例句 I want not to go home. I let him not go home. He promises never to go there again. He got up early so as not to (in order not to) miss the train. 放在动名词前 Excuse me for not coming earlier. Not knowing this, he didn't come. 主动形式否定意义 He was too excited to speak. no和without引导的短语 No smoking. He left without saying good-bye