GMAT强化阅读长难句解析

GMAT阅读

赵洪波

GMAT阅读长难句解析 第一类：复杂修饰成分

•从句（主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句） •介词短语 •分词修饰 •不定式修饰

•The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being

to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.

•主语： The methods •谓语：come into being

•to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy •动词不定式引导目的状语

•一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成，来保持那个社会认为是最重要的文化遗产的

一些方面。

第二类 大段的插入语和同位语

•But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to

answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

•但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的

书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。

第三类 倒装

•由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。

•The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an

individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

•The sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will

have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.

•那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能最大程度上增

加所遗传到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

第四类 省略

•重复的成分

•让步转折的省略 ：如although (but) •定语从句引导词的省略which（that ）

•定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

•重复的成分

•These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of

known mineral deposits and （are constructed primarily from）from theories of ore-forming processes.

•让步转折省略：如although (but)

•Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually

produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.

•定语从句引导词省略which/that

•The methods ( that) a community devises to perpetuate itself come into

being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy( that) that community perceives as essential.

•定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语 •That man standing there is my father. •That man who is standing there is my father.

长难句阅读总原则

迅速识别主句主谓宾，认清修饰成分

•单词：以形容词和副词为主 •短语：以介词短语为主

•从句修饰：定语从句/状语从句/同位语从句

例句解析

1. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.

•In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have

focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining the status of women in various periods more accurately.

倒装：

•determining more accurately the status of women in various periods •determining the status of women in various periods more accurately

•很大程度上，由于妇女运动的结果，历史学家们近年来将其注意力放在了更为准确地确定

妇女们在不同时期的地位上了。

2. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.

Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.

Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he knows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.

Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.

插入语

•尽管G承认由于出售奴隶而造成的强迫分离是经常发生的，但是他指出：奴隶们自己的偏

好还是很喜欢一夫一妻制的，而这种偏好在很少出售奴隶的种植园中表现得最为明显。

3. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family

encouraged the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage o folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage o folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage o folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

•复杂修饰+插入语

•G令人信服地论证道，黑人家庭的稳定性鼓励了包括民间传说、音乐以及宗教表达的黑人

遗产从一代到另一代的传播，这种遗产是奴隶们不断地从其在非洲和美国的经历中塑造出来的，因此在保持这些遗产上起到了重要的作用。

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

•Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.

Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

•Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.

Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

•Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.

Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests that is very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests that is very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and concerned with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist who is concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

•关于VW写作MD的意图的挑战性陈述通常被评论家们所忽视，因为该陈述突出了这样一

点：她的文学兴趣不同于传统的“充满诗意”的小说家的关注点。这些小说家所关心的是审慎白日梦和幻想的状态，并关心去追寻个人意识的曲折历程。

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every

pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

5. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law

has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

•就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样，“尽管可以毫无疑问地说，没有任何法律

被制定出来，也没有高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或写了什么；然而，当我们读他的书的时候，我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德。

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which

seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences was lacking, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which

seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality

of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed to instead influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

6. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

•用其他方法来证明神经元种类细微的结构差距，这是可能的。但缺乏神经冲动的性质或状

态是受这些差异所影响的证据。这些差异看起来能影响神经网络的发展模式。

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and

are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

7. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulse are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

•尽管神经能量存在着质的不同，这一点从来没有在严格意义上被反对过，但是这个教条通

常被抛弃掉，而转向相反的观点，即：神经冲动在本质上是相同的，而且被当作“一种普通流”在整个神经系统中传播。

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process

correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight o evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the

serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

8. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its

internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

•虽然有些实验显示，当一个物体变得熟悉的时候， 它在内心中的形象变得更为完整，而

且对她的辨认过程也变得更加并行，但是所得到的证据似乎更支持辨认过程这一系列假说，至少对那些不是特别简单的或熟悉的物体来说是这样的。