几个固定句型

1、 Until、“not …until… ”和”It is not until…that…”

1) Until (prep. ,conj.)

“直到„„”表示这个动作一直延续到这个界限出现时。 区别 共同点 介词（prep.）until后接的不是句子 连词（conj.）until后接的是句子 当谓语动词为延续性动词时，用肯定形式 译成：直到…时/到…为止 当谓语v为非延续性动词时，用否定形式 译成：在...以前/直到...才 用法：  介词 prep.

1. 直到...时,到...为止

Will this fish keep until tomorrow? 这鱼能搁到明天吗? 2. (用于否定句)在...之前,直到...才

She didn't go to bed until eleven o'clock. 她直到十一点才上床睡觉。

 连接词 conj.

1. 直到...时,到...为止

You can wait here until help comes.你可以在这里等，直到有人来帮你。 2. (用于否定句)在...以前,直到...才

She didn't go to bed until her daughter came back. 她一直等到女儿回来才去睡觉。 You can't leave until I come back.。直到我回来你才可以离开

 注意：

until用做连词连接两个句子时，要分清哪部分是主句、从句，主句在until之前，从句在until之后——“直到”后+从句，“才”后+主句 2) “not„until”

 “直到……才……”，表示在这个界限之前一直没有发生这个动作。这个句型从形式上看

是否定句，但并非否定意思。

The doctor didn’t start the operation until the room was bright enough. 医生直到房间里的灯足够亮了，才开始做手术。

 “Not until…”放在句首，该句型中的主句用倒装结构，until引导的从句不要倒装。

Not until+从句+倒装的主句

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

Not until next week will the sports meet be held. 直到下周才开运动会。  注意

a) 主句倒装时注意主句中的谓语动词是is/are/am/was/were时，将此be动词提到

主句的主语前面；

b) 主句中的谓语动词是实意动词，时态为现在/过去时，将do/does/did提前到主

语前，完成时将have/has/had提到主语前；

c) 主句中的谓语由情态动词构成时，将情态动词如can/may/must/could等提到主

句的主语前。

d) 主句中时态为将来时，将will等提到主句中的主语前面。

Practice:

①我直到他回来才离开。 ②汤姆直到做完作业才回家。

3) “It is / was not until… that… ”  “直到„„才„„”，It is / was not until + 从句 + that +主句

It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. =I didn’t notice it until yesterday. 直到昨天我才注意到此事。

It was not until I saw Mary that I felt happy. =I didn’t feel happy until I saw Mary 直到见到玛丽我才高兴起来。

 not…until句型和It is / was not until…that…强调句型可以互相转换 Practce:

It was _____ I went there _____ I began to know something about the matter. A. until; when B.until; that C.not until; that D.notwhen;that

2、”so…that…”和”Such…that …”

译为“如此…以至于…”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。

1）”so…that…”

 so＋adj.／adv.＋that从句（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.

(=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。 2）”Such…that …”

 such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句 He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。  such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that从句 They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。  such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that„clause

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。

注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。例如：

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。 He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。

There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.

街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。 3、“not only…but also…” 1) 连接对称结构

not only„but also„是一对非常有用的关联连词，其意为“不仅„„而且„„”“不但„„而且„„”，通常用于连接两个相同的句子成分，即所谓的“对称结构”。如：

①连接主语

Not only you but also I am hungry. 不只你，我也饿了呢。

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

②连接谓语

She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。

He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本书，还记得内容。

注意：not only„but also„连接的动词一般不重复，这与汉语不同，如汉语说“我不仅懂英语，而且懂俄语。”，英语则说“I know not only English but also Russian”,而不说“I not only know English but also know Russian.”

③连接表语

He is not only arrogant but also selfish. 他不但傲慢，而且自私。

The place was not only cold, but also damp. 那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。 ④连接宾语

She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。

If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization.

要是这个方案不成功，这不仅不会影响我们这个部门，而且会影响整个组织。 ⑤连接宾语补足语

Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. 浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。 ⑥连接定语

There are problems not only with the students, but also with the teachers themselves.

不但学生们有难题，教师们自己也有。 ⑦连接状语

We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。

He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。

They landed up not only having to apologize but also offering to pay. 他们最后不但同意道歉，而且还要付款。 ⑧连接从句

He didn’t let us off hook until we had proved not only that we knew what an organism was but also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.

直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体，而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠精神使，他这才放过我们。

⑨连接句子

I not only heard it, but (also) I saw it. 我不仅听到，而且看到了它。 not only…but also…连接句子时，not only可以置于句首表示强调，这时第一分句要采用倒装结构。

Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker. 他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。

Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.

对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的看法。 ⑩用于it is…that强调结构

It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager.

现在，不仅科学家和医生需要长期的专门训练，计算机专家、会计师和企业经理也需要这种训练。 2) 连接非对称结构

但在实际运用中，该结构有时不完全遵循“连接相同句子成分”的用法而出现一些非对称结构。这类用法主要有以下几类：

①因承前省略而导致的不对称

 He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。

句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。

 She not only plays the piano, but also the violin.

他不仅弹钢琴，而且还拉小提琴。

句中的not only后为谓语动词，而but also后接的是名词，实为动词plays的宾语，可视为在but also后承前省略了谓语动词plays。

 Her charm not only consists in her beauty but also in her self-confidence.

她的魅力不仅在于她的美貌，而且在于她的自信。 可视为but also后承前省略了consists。 ②因强调导致不对称 有时为了强调，not only„but also„连接的两个成分也可能是“不对称”的，这类用法尤其见于not only后接的是句子的一个部分，而but却用于句中“连接”一个句子（其后的句中可能出现also，也可能省略also）。如：

It’s not only useless to trouble him but it is needless to do so. 去麻烦他不仅没有用而且没有必要。

He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。