中考英语专题复习介词

专题：介词

尹会敏

教学目标：

一． 了解介词考察趋势。

二． 了解介词的定义和分类。

三． 学习并且掌握介词的用法和解题技巧。

四． 掌握一些固定的介词短语搭配。

重点：学习并且掌握介词的用法。

难点：介词解题技巧。

教学过程

1. 介词的功能

介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)

The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)

Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)

2. 常用介词的用法辨析

（1）表时间的介词

1）at, in on

表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning, on a cold morning等。

2） since, after

由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

3） in, after

in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

（2）表示地点的介词

1）at, in, on

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2） over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3） across, through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

They walked through the forest.

I pushed through the crowds.

4) in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

3. 介词的固定搭配

介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。

（1）介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

（2）介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at

breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

（3）介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

基础训练

1. You’d better not go _______ the forest. It’s dangerous.

2. 2. Which room are you going to live ______?

3. 3. The building is ______ fire. There are some people ______ 4. 4. Before 1990 there was no airline _______ the two cities.

5. 5. It’s not good to come late _______ school.

6. 6. What’s wrong _______ your bike?

7. 7. Thank you very much _______ coming to see me.

8. 8. I couldn’t finish it _______ your help.

9. 9. Don’t laugh _______ others’ mistakes.

the top floor.

10. 10. Do the twins look _______ their father?

11. 11. –How do you usually come to school every day?

12. -Sometimes _______ bike, sometimes _______ foot.

13. 12. It’s very kind _______ you to help me _______ my maths.

14. 13. Don’t read _______ the sun. It’s bad ________ your eyes.

15. 14. The teacher told us the moon travels ________ the earth.

16. 15. You must learn these words _______ heart, and answer my questions ____ English.

17. 16. Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.

18. 17. Thanks ______ your help. I finished the work before dark.

19. 18. It’s cold and the temperature is ________ zero during the night.

20. 19. The teacher is writing ______ red ink _______ a piece of paper.

21. 20. The children are waiting _______ the gate _______ their mother.

中考链接

1. There are two classes _____ Wednesday afternoon. (99南京) A. at B. in C. on D. to

2. This programme was sent to the USA _____ China ______satellite. (99辽宁)

A. in; of B. of; in C. from; by D. by; from

3. The visitors _____ Japan arrived ______ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning.

A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on (99江西)

4. Here are some presents ______ you ______ our best wishes. (99安徽)

A. to; with B. for; with C. of; about D. for; for

5. Lily asked her brother, Mike, not to be angry ___ her. (99兰州) A. in B. to C. with D. for

6. Is everyone here good _____ dancing? (99昆明)

A. at B. on C. to D. for

7. They arrived _____ Guangzhou ______ the morning of May 25. (98广州)

A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; during

8. Children are often told not to play ______ fire. (98上海)

A. on B. for C. with D. under

9. No one can stop her _____ going away. (98河北)

A. of B. from C. to D. out of

10. The eraser goes ______ one student ______ another. (98福州)

A. from; for B. from; till C. from; after D. from; to

11. You’ll get a nice present _____ your parents _____ your birthday.

A. from; on B. for; at C. from; in D. of; during

12. Let’s wait ____ her _____ the corner of the street.

A. on; on B. for; in C. at; at D. for; at

13. Look! The two men are ______ trouble. They are calling ______help.

A. with; for B. in; for C. under; at D. into; out

14. The boy filled the bottle ______ some milk. Now it’s full ______ milk.

A. with; with B. of; with C. with; of D. off; without

15. Mother always talks _____ her friends _____ the phone ______weekend.

A. with; on; at B. to; with; on C. about; on; through D. of; by; at

16. –When did he lend the dictionary _____ you?

-I borrowed it _____ him the day before yesterday.

A. from; to B. to; by C. to; from D. on; out of

17. Uncle Wang lives _____ a farm, but he works ______ a factory.

A. in; in B. to; in C. in; at D. on; in

18. She came up to me, _____ a smile _____ her face.

A. with; in B. like; on C. with; on D. without; at

19. He wanted to ask _____ some books ______ music.

A. for; in B. about; of C. for; on D. about; about

20. His school is far _____ his home, but near ______ mine.

A. from; to B. from; from C. to; to D. to; from

△ 综 合 型

1. The bridge _____ the river is made ______ big stone.

A. on; from B. over; of C. above; in D. of; into

2. He stayed _____ his uncle’s _____ a week.

A. in; for B. with; till C. at; for D. for; about

3. I can’t swim _____ the river _____ a piece of wood.

A. across; without B. through; with C. over; on D. in; by

4. The desk _____ the teacher is ______ the classroom.

A. of; in front B. to; in front of C. at; before D. for; in the front of

5. John cut the pear _____ four pieces ______ a knife.

A. in; by B. into; with C. with; by D. to; in

6. The other day I met a friend _____ my way to school.

A. of me on B. of my on C. in D. of mine on

7. It’s easy _____ us to finish the work _____ time.

A. for; on B. of; in C. for; before D. of; at

8. We, League members, should be strict _____ ourselves _____ our work.

A. in; in B. with; with C. with; in D. in; with

9. She asked me to sit _____ her and help her _____ Chinese.

A. between; at B. beside; with C. before; in D. on; of

10. Lin Tao answered all the questions _____ the last one _____usual.

A. except; as B. beside; as C. except; on D. but; in

11. Jim’s gone ______ England with his family and he won’t be back _____ Monday.

A. for; on B. to; at C. for; till D. to; until

12. ____ Christmas Eve, children all over Britain put a stocking____ the end of their beds before they go to sleep.

A. At; by B. During; in C. On; at D. In; before

13. Is the girl _____ red _____ duty today?

A. with; on B. on; for C. of; at D. in; on

14. _____ a few years’ time, it will be covered _____ many thousands of trees.

A. In; with B. After; by C. In; on D. After; over

15. Many old things _____ show were used _____ keeping tea hot.

A. at; to B. on; for C. for; on D. in; as

16. English is spoken ____ a first language _____ most people in the USA.

A. by; as B. as; by C. for; of D. like; in

17. We visited him _____ his workplace _____ the young trees.

A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; between

18. It will stop the sand _____ moving _____ the rich farmland in the south.

A. from; towards B. from; to C. into; towards D. at; down

19. What’s the difference _____ a sheep and a goat?

A. from B. to C. between D. among

20. They got _____ the foot of the mountain just now.

A. at B. in C. to D. off

21. My father returned at 10 o’clock _____ of June 15. (2000重庆)

A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night

22. He often mistakes me _____ my brother. (2000黑龙江)

A. to B. as C. for D. with

23. China has built a Great Green Wall _____ the northern part _____ the country.

A. to; in B. across; of C. across; on D. at; of (2000辽宁)

24. Thank you very much _____ lending the eraser ______ me. (2000河南)

A. for; at B. to; to C. for; to D. to; for

25. Since you are ______ trouble, why not ask ______ help?(2000安徽)

A. in; for B. in; to C. with; for D. with; to

26. My aunt arrived here _______ a warm spring morning. (2001哈尔滨) A. in B. at C. on D. by

27. His father has been ______ Australia ______ 1998. (2001汕头)

A. to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; from

28. Mr. Black was angry ______ Jim _____ laughing _______ him.(2002汕头)

A. at; for; to B. for; with; on C. with; for; with D. with; for; at

( )29. Why were your parents angry _____ you yesterday evening?

A. to B. on C. for D. with

( ) 30. In England, people usually call me Tom _____ short.

A. for B. to C. on D. at

( ) 31. － Where are you from?

－ I’m from the USA, what _____ you?

A. for B. about C. in D. on

( )32. Who sits _____ the middle _____ the classroom?

A. at, of B. in, of C. on, in D. at, for

( ) 5. We usually go to school _____ Monday _____ Friday.

A. to, from B. from, on C. from, to D. on, to

( ) 6. He usually has an egg and a bottle of milk _____ breakfast.

A. to B. on C. for D. of

( ) 7. Please turn _____ all the lights in the room, or I’m afraid.

A. down B. on C. for D. at

( ) 8. It was raining, but the farmers still went _____ working in the fields.

A. for B. on C. with D. from

( ) 9. Please take your dirty clothes away _____ here.

A. from B. off C. of D. at

( ) 10. － May I speak _____ Becky, please?

－ Hold on _____ a moment, please.

A. to, for B. for, to C. to, of D. to, at